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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2023 Feb 9;65(6):e715–e743. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.02.003

Table 4.

Effect Size Data

Author (Year): Outcome Treatment
Group
(n)		 Control
Group
(n)		 Treatment
Positivea
(n)		 Treatment
Negativedb
(n)		 Control
Positivec
(n)		 Control
Negatived
(n)		 LOR VOR
Aggressive End-of-life Care Outcomes
Ahluwalia (2015): Acute care 311 354 85 226 120 234 −0.310 0.029
Ahluwalia (2015): Chemotherapy 311 354 33 278 43 311 −0.153 0.064
Ahluwalia (2015): Hospice use fewer than 7 days 311 354 117 194 152 202 −0.221 0.025
Ahluwalia (2015): Aggressive care 311 354 26 285 37 317 −0.246 0.072
Chen (2019): CPR 215 215 10 205 11 204 −0.100 0.201
Chen (2019): ICU care 215 215 19 196 16 199 0.187 0.125
Chen (2019): Mechanical ventilation 215 215 23 192 16 199 0.399 0.116
Dalmau-Bueno (2021): Artificial nutrition 778 1560 18 760 63 1497 −0.575 0.073
Dalmau-Bueno (2021): CPR 778 1560 0 778 2 1558 −0.915 2.402
Dalmau-Bueno (2021): Dialysis 778 1560 6 772 16 1544 −0.288 0.231
Dalmau-Bueno (2021): ED admission 778 1560 586 192 1321 239 −0.594 0.012
Dalmau-Bueno (2021): Mechanical ventilation 778 1560 66 712 201 1359 −0.467 0.022
Dalmau-Bueno (2021): Surgery 778 1560 114 664 287 1273 −0.272 0.015
Diamond (2016): Hospice use fewer than 7 days 102 58 16 86 20 38 −1.040 0.150
Halpern (2011): CPR 710 411 38 672 24 387 −0.092 0.072
Ishikawa (2018): Hospital death 54 53 9 45 44 9 −3.196 0.267
Johnson (2018): Chemotherapy 62 80 13 49 11 69 0.509 0.203
Johnson (2018): Hospital death 68 83 12 56 16 67 −0.108 0.179
Mack (2012): Acute Care 1082 149 421 661 72 77 −0.384 0.031
Mack (2012): Aggressive care 1082 149 494 588 88 61 −0.541 0.032
Mack (2012): Chemotherapy 1082 149 157 925 39 110 −0.737 0.042
Mack (2012): Hospice use fewer than 7 days 1082 149 185 897 25 124 0.023 0.055
Mack (2012): ICU care 1082 149 62 1020 8 141 0.069 0.149
McDermott (2020): ED admission 5145 9947 --- --- --- --- 0.174 0.012
McDermott (2020): Hospital admission 5145 9947 --- --- --- --- −0.400 0.002
McDermott (2020): Hospital death 5145 9947 --- --- --- --- −0.431 0.002
McDermott (2020): ICU care 5145 9947 --- --- --- --- −0.342 0.003
Narang (2015): Aggressive care 1601 384 --- --- --- --- −0.713 0.076
Narang (2015): Hospital death 1601 384 --- --- --- --- −0.073 0.023
Peltier (2017): Chemotherapy 24 45 6 18 9 36 0.288 0.361
Peltier (2017): ED admission 24 45 14 10 25 20 0.113 0.261
Peltier (2017): Hospital admission 24 45 15 9 31 14 −0.284 0.282
Peltier (2017): ICU admission 24 45 3 21 8 37 −0.414 0.534
Prater (2019): Hospital admission 519 666 --- --- --- --- −0.211 0.014
Prater (2019): Hospital admission 60 1125 --- --- --- --- −1.050 0.053
Prater (2019): Hospital admission 152 1033 --- --- --- --- −0.342 0.019
Prater (2022): Hospital admission 158 3547 57 101 2007 1540 −0.837 0.029
Rocque (2017): Chemotherapy 437 171 62 375 32 139 −0.331 0.057
Rocque (2017): Hospice use fewer than 3 days 437 171 20 417 11 160 −0.360 0.150
Rocque (2017): Hospital admission 437 171 200 237 96 75 −0.417 0.033
Rocque (2017): ED admission 437 171 199 238 91 80 −0.308 0.033
Rocque (2017): ICU admission 437 171 77 360 41 130 −0.388 0.048
Salazar (2022): Aggressive care (a) --- --- --- --- --- --- −0.799 0.345
Salazar (2022): Aggressive care (b) --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.247 0.275
Salazar (2022): Chemotherapy --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.658 0.449
Salazar (2022): Hospital admission --- --- --- --- --- --- −0.545 0.202
Salazar (2022): ICU care --- --- --- --- --- --- −0.545 0.202
Sedhom (2021): Hospice use fewer than 3 days 94 53 7 87 15 38 −1.59 0.247
Wallace (2001): CPR 135 135 10 125 16 119 −0.519 0.179
Wallace (2001): Mechanical ventilation 135 135 59 76 57 78 0.061 0.061
Wright (2008): CPR 123 209 1 122 14 195 −2.170 1.085
Wright (2008): Chemotherapy 123 209 5 118 14 195 −0.527 0.285
Wright (2008): ICU care 123 209 5 118 26 183 −1.210 0.252
Wright (2008): Mechanical ventilation 123 209 2 121 23 186 −0.527 0.285
Comfort-focused End-of-life Care Outcomes
Cagle (2020): Hospice use 110 139 83 27 91 48 0.483 0.081
Halpern (2011): DNR order 710 411 174 536 98 313 0.036 0.021
Halpern (2011): No escalation of care 710 411 37 673 20 391 0.072 0.081
Halpern (2011): Withdrawal of treatments 710 411 61 649 28 383 0.251 0.056
Jeurkar (2012): Home death --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.599 0.003
Mack (2012): Hospice use 1082 149 686 396 30 119 1.927 0.046
Narang (2015): Treatments limited or withheld 1601 384 --- --- --- --- 0.920 0.063
Peltier (2017): DNR order 24 45 21 3 36 9 0.560 0.520
Peltier (2017): Hospice use 24 45 19 5 32 11 0.267 0.375
Rocque (2017): Hospice use 437 171 296 141 121 50 −0.142 0.039
Wen (2020): DNR order 196 196 168 28 164 32 0.158 0.079
Wallace (2001): DNR order 135 135 26 109 15 120 0.646 0.123
Wright (2008): Hospice use 123 209 93 30 120 89 0.833 0.064
Wright (2008): Hospice greater than 7 days 123 209 80 43 93 116 0.842 0.055