Table 1.
Baseline characteristics comparison between the three phenogroups in the derivation study
| Phenogroup 1 (n = 125) | Phenogroup 2 (n = 200) | Phenogroup 3 (n = 40) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics on admission | ||||
| Age (years) | 78.9 ± 9.1 | 78.8 ± 9.7 | 63.5 ± 11.2 | <0.0001 |
| Male, n (%) | 72 (57.6) | 85 (42.5) | 23 (57.5) | 0.0164 |
| Clinical characteristics on admission | ||||
| BMI at admission (kg/m2) | 23.40 ± 3.60 | 22.78 ± 3.94 | 27.46 ± 5.85 | <0.0001 |
| HR (b.p.m.) | 86.06 ± 26.04 | 92.97 ± 31.62 | 103.50 ± 29.73 | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 149.06 ± 31.08 | 147.29 ± 32.68 | 175.78 ± 40.26 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.20 ± 20.76 | 79.70 ± 19.98 | 108.62 ± 27.18 | <0.0001 |
| NYHA, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| II | 12 (10) | 25 (13) | 3 (8) | |
| III | 69 (55) | 90 (45) | 11 (28) | |
| IV | 44 (35) | 85 (43) | 26 (65) | |
| Medical history on admission | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 116 (92.8) | 145 (72.5) | 32 (80.0) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 68 (54.4) | 74 (37.0) | 16 (40.0) | 0.0079 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 61 (48.8) | 55 (27.5) | 21 (52.5) | <0.0001 |
| History of myocardial infarction, n (%) | 50 (40.0) | 11 (5.5) | 9 (22.5) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 49 (39.2) | 113 (56.5) | 16 (40.0) | 0.005 |
| Anaemia at discharge, n (%) | 53 (42.5) | 45 (22.5) | 1 (2.5) | <0.0001 |
| Echocardiographic data on admission | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 60.4 ± 10.5 | 60.3 ± 12.1 | 54.5 ± 14.5 | 0.0156 |
| LVDd (mm) | 48.8 ± 0.66 | 46.7 ± 0.53 | 49.1 ± 1.19 | 0.0273 |
| LVDs (mm) | 32.9 ± 0.65 | 31.1 ± 0.53 | 35.7 ± 1.17 | 0.0009 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy, n (%) | 40 (32) | 19 (9.5) | 19 (47.5) | <0.0001 |
| IVST (mm) | 11.6 ± 2.3 | 10.3 ± 1.76 | 13.2 ± 3.8 | <0.0001 |
| PWT (mm) | 11.2 ± 1.9 | 10.2 ± 1.7 | 12.5 ± 2.7 | <0.0001 |
| LAD (mm) | 45.4 ± 8.7 | 44.8 ± 8.8 | 43.0 ± 6.3 | 0.429 |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; LAD, left arterial diameter; LVDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVDs, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional classification; PWT, posterior wall thickness; SBP, systolic blood pressure.