Table 2.
Laboratory findings and clinical characteristics at discharge
| Phenogroup 1 (n = 125) | Phenogroup 2 (n = 200) | Phenogroup 3 (n = 40) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c (%) | 6.15 ± 0.95 | 6.10 ± 1.04 | 6.09 ± 1.03 | 0.9194 |
| BNP (pg/dL) | 412.1 ± 406.4 | 183 ± 147.1 | 212.7 ± 177.4 | <0.0001 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 1.07 ± 1.86 | 0.71 ± 1.01 | 0.56 ± 0.72 | 0.0285 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.31 ± 1.56 | 11.39 ± 1.89 | 13.64 ± 1.73 | <0.0001 |
| Serum renin (pg/mL) | 6.47 ± 7.99 | 7.51 ± 13.0 | 9.31 ± 14.2 | 0.5332 |
| Serum aldosterone (mg/dL) | 109.7 ± 9.5 | 102.5 ± 7.3 | 145.0 ± 14.3 | 0.0316 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 139.1 ± 2.8 | 138.3 ± 4.3 | 140.2 ± 2.2 | 0.0010 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.79 ± 0.54 | 0.94 ± 0.31 | 0.96 ± 0.29 | <0.0001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/mL) | 41.3 ± 17.6 | 23.1 ± 9.1 | 20.4 ± 8.9 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR | 28.5 ± 9.7 | 55.6 ± 19.3 | 59.8 ± 18.9 | <0.0001 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 6.53 ± 0.61 | 6.68 ± 0.76 | 7.17 ± 0.54 | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.51 ± 0.45 | 3.61 ± 0.44 | 4.03 ± 0.30 | <0.0001 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 68.8 ± 10.8 | 73.2 ± 12.9 | 67.6 ± 8.0 | 0.0007 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.5 ± 16.5 | 111.5 ± 14.7 | 122.4 ± 16.3 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 62.6 ± 10.4 | 61.4 ± 9.9 | 67.9 ± 9.0 | 0.0011 |
| Medication at discharge, n (%) | ||||
| ACE inhibitor | 59 (47.2) | 97 (48.5) | 20 (50.0) | 0.9469 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 58 (46.4) | 71 (35.5) | 15 (37.5) | 0.1424 |
| Any RAS blocker | 107 (85.6) | 165 (82.5) | 33 (82.5) | 0.575 |
| MRA | 34 (27.2) | 79 (39.5) | 15 (37.5) | 0.0733 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 69 (55.2) | 67 (33.5) | 14 (35.0) | 0.0004 |
| Diuretics | 109 (87.2) | 154 (77.0) | 25 (62.5) | 0.0024 |
| Digitalis | 7 (5.6) | 18 (9.0) | 2 (5.0) | 0.4381 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 29 (23.3) | 23 (11.5) | 8 (20.0) | 0.0176 |
| Any anticoagulation therapy | 49 (39.2) | 96 (48.0) | 16 (40.) | 0.2561 |
| Statins | 46 (36.8) | 45 (22.5) | 17 (42.5) | 0.0038 |
| Diabetes drugs | 50 (40) | 49 (24.5) | 8 (20) | 0.0266 |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | 1 (0.008) | 2 (0.01) | 0 (0) | 0.8146 |
| Insulin user | 10 (8.0) | 10 (5.0) | 1 (2.5) | 0.3407 |
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RAS, renin–angiotensin system; SGLT2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.