Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of the three phenotypes in the validation cohort
| Phenogroup 1 (n = 126) | Phenogroup 2 (n = 74) | Phenogroup 3 (n = 73) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics on admission | ||||
| Age (years) | 78.2 ± 7.9 | 82.6 ± 6.6 | 70.7 ± 11.7 | <0.0001 |
| Male, n (%) | 80 (63.5) | 24 (34.3) | 30 (41.1) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 21.6 ± 4.4 | 25.2 ± 6.0 | <0.0001 |
| Medical history on admission | ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 70 (55.6) | 24 (32.4) | 15 (20.6) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 113 (89.7) | 49 (66.2) | 49 (67.1) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 83 (65.9) | 16 (21.6) | 21 (28.8) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperuricaemia, n (%) | 68 (53.9) | 26 (35.1) | 20 (27.4) | 0.0015 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 70 (55.6) | 57 (77.0) | 48 (65.8) | 0.0088 |
| History of myocardial infraction, n (%) | 27 (21.4) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
| Echocardiographic data on admission | ||||
| LVDd (mm) | 50.3 ± 6.0 | 44.3 ± 5.6 | 43.6 ± 6.5 | <0.0001 |
| LVDs (mm) | 33.6 ± 6.0 | 27.8 ± 4.2 | 27.6 ± 6.5 | <0.0001 |
| LVEF (%) | 59.5 ± 6.7 | 61.0 ± 7.8 | 61.2 ± 7.9 | 0.2004 |
| IVST (mm) | 10.4 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.9 | 12.3 ± 3.1 | <0.0001 |
| PWT (mm) | 10.3 ± 1.4 | 9.8 ± 1.4 | 11.8 ± 2.7 | <0.0001 |
| LAD (mm) | 47.2 ± 9.2 | 46.4 ± 10.7 | 44.8 ± 8.7 | 0.2813 |
| Laboratory findings at discharge | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 6.4 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 0.2201 |
| BNP (pg/dL) | 180.1 ± 160.1 | 256.1 ± 289.5 | 212.9 ± 249.8 | 0.0730 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.40 ± 0.53 | 0.94 ± 1.04 | 0.30 ± 0.34 | <0.0001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.2 ± 1.7 | 10.5 ± 1.5 | 13.2 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.42 ± 0.47 | 1.15 ± 0.37 | 0.81 ± 0.21 | <0.0001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 34.9 ± 1.3 | 30.6 ± 1.7 | 19.6 ± 1.6 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR at discharge (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 38.1 ± 13.2 | 43.0 ± 15.3 | 64.2 ± 11.9 | <0.0001 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin (mg/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Vital signs at discharge | ||||
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 64.1 ± 10.4 | 71.9 ± 11.9 | 66.9 ± 10.1 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.8 ± 14.9 | 109.6 ± 14.5 | 112.1 ± 14.4 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 60.2 ± 11.8 | 61.0 ± 10.0 | 66.5 ± 10.1 | 0.0004 |
BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; LAD, left arterial diameter; LVDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVDs, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PWT, posterior wall thickness.