Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients stratified by race and chronic kidney disease.
| Variable | All (n = 2368) | White | Black | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFpEF (n = 488) | HFpEF + CKD (n = 490) | HFpEF (n = 505) | HFpEF + CKD (n = 850) | ||
| Follow‐up (year) | 4.0 ± 2 | 3.7 ± 2 | 3.6 ± 2 | 4.1 ± 2 # | 4.4 ± 2*, # |
| Visits (#) | 177 ± 196 | 125 ± 127 | 186 ± 187* | 130 ± 119 | 229 ± 249*, # |
| Mortality (%) | 16 | 12 | 23* | 11 | 18*, # |
| Hospitalization (%) | 75 | 65 | 82* | 63 | 84* |
| Age (year) | 64 ± 14 | 69 ± 13 | 70 ± 12 | 60 ± 14 # | 60 ± 14 # |
| Female (%) | 63 | 62 | 53* | 74 # | 63*, # |
| SBP (mmHg) | 140 ± 24 | 133 ± 21 | 134 ± 22 | 144 ± 23 # | 148 ± 25 # |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76 ± 14 | 72 ± 13 | 72 ± 12 | 81 ± 14 # | 79 ± 15 # |
| HR (b.p.m.) | 77 ± 15 | 77 ± 16 | 75 ± 16 | 80 ± 15 | 78 ± 13 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35 ± 10 | 32 ± 9 | 32 ± 9 | 38 ± 9 # | 37 ± 9 # |
| EF (%) | 65 ± 10 | 59 ± 13 | 65 ± 9 | 63 ± 11 | 69 ± 7 |
| HTN drugs (#) | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 1.4* | 2.2 ± 1.5 # | 2.5 ± 1.4*, # |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 1.5* | 0.9 ± 2.2 | 3.0 ± 3.1*, # |
| Co‐morbidities | |||||
| HTN (%) | 87 | 74 | 88* | 86 # | 94*, # |
| T2D (%) | 56 | 41 | 53* | 50 # | 71*, # |
| MI (%) | 22 | 21 | 30* | 15 # | 22*, # |
| ESRD (%) | 18 | 0 | 14* | 0 | 42*, # |
| Proteinuria (%) | 14 | 1 | 11* | 3 # | 29*, # |
| Pulmonary HTN (%) | 19 | 17 | 19 | 16 | 23* |
Note: HFpEF indicates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Mortality and hospitalization represent unadjusted rates for any cause. Mean ± SD are shown.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease before or during follow‐up; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EF, ejection fraction; ESRD, end stage renal disease before or during follow‐up; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; MI, myocardial infarction previously or during follow‐up; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
*
P < 0.05 vs. HFpEF.
#
P < 0.05 vs. White.