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. 2023 May 17;13:8026. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34772-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sleep time is shortened in female GABA neuron-specific Tfap2b homozygous knockdowns. (A) Time spent in sleep in female Tfap2b^fl/fl, Vgat-cre, Vgat-tfap2b^−/− mice over the Zeitgeber time (ZT) course. (B) Sleep quantity during 24 h, light and dark phase. ZT course NREMS quantification (C) and total NREMS amount during 24 h, light and dark phase (D). REMS quantification over the ZT course (E) and during 24 h, light and dark phases (F). All data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test and were shown as the mean ± SEM. Significant pairwise comparisons were marked with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Female Tfap2b^fl/fl (n = 5), Vgat-cre (n = 5), Vgat-tfap2b^−/− (n = 5).