Table 2.
Mean Differences (95% CI) in CDI-2 Depressive and RCMAS-2 Anxiety Symptoms Scores from Before to During COVID
| N (%) | Depressive symptoms - child report (CDI-C) | Depressive symptoms - parent report (CDI-P) | Anxiety symptoms - child report (RCMAS) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 464 | 1.18 (0.13, 2.23)* | 1.76 (0.96, 2.56)* | −0.86 (−1.66, −0.06)* |
| Child sex | ||||
| Male | 236 (51) | −0.07 (−1.47, 1.34) | 1.06 (−0.07, 2.18) | −1.53 (−2.64, −0.41)* |
| Female | 228 (49) | 2.48 (0.93, 4.02)* | 2.50 (1.36, 3.63)* | −0.17 (−1.32, 0.98) |
| Child age at COV | ||||
| ≤9 | 89 (19) | −0.53 (−2.95, 1.89) | 2.57 (0.71, 4.44)* | 1.02 (−0.99, 3.03) |
| 10 | 123 (27) | 0.94 (−1.15, 3.04) | 2.64 (1.07, 4.21)* | −1.38 (−2.74, −0.03)* |
| 11 | 144 (31) | 0.42 (−1.27, 2.12) | 1.18 (−0.26, 2.62) | −1.51 (−3.02, −0.01)* |
| 12 | 108 (23) | 3.87 (1.52, 6.22)* | 0.87 (−0.79, 2.53) | −0.95 (−2.62, 0.72) |
| Maternal SES | ||||
| Lower | 179 (39) | 1.29 (0.09, 3.12)* | 1.07 (−0.26, 2.41) | −1.53 (−2.83, −0.23)* |
| Medium | 222 (48) | 1.63 (0.19, 3.07)* | 2.18 (1.04, 3.32)* | 0.17 (−0.97, 1.31) |
| Higher | 63 (14) | −0.71 (−3.33, 1.90) | 2.25 (0.09, 4.42)* | −2.59 (−4.80, −0.37)* |
| Total maternal negative life events (COV) a | ||||
| High (>3) | 164 (35) | 2.83 (1.02, 4.64)* | 2.83 (1.38, 4.28)* | 0.73 (−1.53, 1.99) |
| Low (≤3) | 300 (65) | 0.28 (−1.00, 1.56) | 1.18 (0.23, 2.13)* | −1.73 (−2.75, −0.71)* |
| Family social support (COV) b | ||||
| Low (≤17) | 241 (52) | 1.88 (0.33, 3.42)* | 2.14 (1.01, 3.28)* | 0.05 (−1.09, 1.18) |
| High (>17) | 223 (48) | 0.43 (−0.98, 1.83) | 1.35 (0.23, 2.49)* | −1.84 (−2.97, −0.72)* |
| Child resiliency c | ||||
| Low (≤46) | 202 (52) | 1.96 (0.24, 3.68)* | 3.44 (2.21, 4.66)* | 0.18 (−1.13, 1.49) |
| High (>46) | 190 (48) | −0.17 (−1.62, 1.29) | 0.96 (−0.25, 2.18) | −1.74 (−2.85, −0.63)* |
Note. CDI-C = Children’s Depression Inventory child reported; CDI-P = Children’s Depression Inventory parent reported; CI = confidence interval; NLE = negative life events; RCMAS = Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (child reported); SES = socioeconomic status.
a
Maternal negative life events assessed using the Crisis in Family Systems- Revised survey
b
Maternal family/friends social support assessed using the Social Support Network scale
c
Child resiliency assessed using the parent-reported BASC-2 resiliency T-score measure
*
indicates p<0.05