Table 1.
Characteristics of participants with different status of depression and low global cognition.
| Variable | Normal | Depression only | Low global cognition only | Coexistence of depression and low global cognition | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 1,646 | 112 | 499 | 88 | |
| Age categories, years | <0.001 | ||||
| 60–64 | 599 (36.7%) | 53 (51.8%) | 95 (13.8%) | 26 (23.2%) | |
| 65–69 | 407 (26.6%) | 28 (22.2%) | 100 (13.1%) | 29 (28.7%) | |
| 70–74 | 312 (18.7%) | 17 (16.6%) | 105 (23.1%) | 12 (13.5%) | |
| 75–79 | 154 (9.2%) | 6 (3.4%) | 67 (17.3%) | 4 (4.2%) | |
| 80+ | 174 (8.9%) | 8 (6.1%) | 132 (32.7%) | 17 (30.4%) | |
| Gender (Male, %) | 744 (43.8%) | 38 (33.3%) | 295 (52.7%) | 30 (33.5%) | 0.007 |
| Race | <0.001 | ||||
| Mexican American | 119 (2.4%) | 14 (4.6%) | 48 (5.6%) | 14 (9.8%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 130 (2.4%) | 15 (4.6%) | 72 (8.2%) | 22 (15.6%) | |
| Non-Hispanics White | 886 (84.7%) | 53 (77.7%) | 176 (64.1%) | 26 (54.0%) | |
| Non-Hispanics Black | 337 (6.1%) | 23 (8.3%) | 157 (16.0%) | 23 (17.0%) | |
| Other Race | 174 (4.6%) | 7 (4.7%) | 46 (6.2%) | 3 (3.5%) | |
| Marital Status | <0.001 | ||||
| Never married | 88 (4.1%) | 11 (7.2%) | 26 (3.7%) | 6 (5.5%) | |
| Married, living with partner | 1,016 (68.9%) | 52 (52.1%) | 285 (59.0%) | 27 (32.6%) | |
| Widowed, separated, or divorced | 539 (27.0%) | 49 (40.8%) | 188 (37.3%) | 55 (61.9%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (0.1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 223 (9.7%) | 32 (19.7%) | 241 (37.8%) | 57 (56.3%) | |
| High school | 382 (20.7%) | 25 (20.0%) | 115 (26.5%) | 19 (27.0%) | |
| College education or above | 1,040 (69.6%) | 55 (60.3%) | 142 (35.6%) | 12 (16.7%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0%) | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | 0 | |
| Smoke | 0.757 | ||||
| Never | 850 (50.7%) | 51 (43.2%) | 244 (50.3%) | 44 (52.0%) | |
| Current | 184 (9.9%) | 21 (16.4%) | 64 (12.2%) | 16 (13.8%) | |
| Former | 611 (39.4%) | 40 (40.4%) | 191 (37.5%) | 28 (34.2%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Alcohol drinking | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 484 (24.5%) | 30 (26.7%) | 187 (37.3%) | 40 (44.3%) | |
| Yes | 1,162 (75.5%) | 81 (73.0%) | 311 (62.5%) | 48 (55.7%) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 | |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | ||||
| Active | 918 (57.8%) | 39 (40.4%) | 210 (40.9%) | 21 (18.8%) | |
| Inactive | 725 (42.0%) | 71 (58.9%) | 289 (59.1%) | 67 (81.2%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (0.2%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.071 | ||||
| < 18.5 | 20 (1.3%) | 3 (1.6%) | 14 (3.4%) | 0 | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 437 (25.5%) | 20 (20.4%) | 129 (25.9%) | 21 (21.1%) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 591 (36.2%) | 27 (28.3%) | 180 (38.0%) | 25 (32.2%) | |
| 30–34.9 | 362 (22.4%) | 36 (28.6%) | 96 (17.3%) | 20 (22.0%) | |
| ≥ 35 | 220 (13.5%) | 26 (21.1%) | 64 (12.4%) | 19 (18.7%) | |
| Unknown | 16 (1.1%) | 0 | 16 (2.9%) | 3 (6.0%) | |
| Family monthly poverty level index category | <0.001 | ||||
| ≤ 1.3 | 346 (13.2%) | 51 (29.4%) | 195 (30.0%) | 45 (45.9%) | |
| 1.3–1.85 | 187 (9.0%) | 14 (19.8%) | 80 (16.3%) | 15 (21.8%) | |
| > 1.85 | 1,024 (73.4%) | 43 (48.9%) | 191 (48.4%) | 18 (21.8%) | |
| Unknown | 89 (4.3%) | 4 (1.9%) | 33 (5.3%) | 10 (10.6%) | |
| Coronary heart disease (yes, %) | 0.019 | ||||
| No | 1,462 (88.2%) | 87 (77.8%) | 420 (82.4%) | 63 (73.3%) | |
| Yes | 180 (11.7%) | 23 (21.5%) | 78 (17.4%) | 24 (26.0%) | |
| Unknown | 4 (0.1%) | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
| Diabetes (yes, %) | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 1,194 (76.9%) | 64 (71.4%) | 300 (65.3%) | 47 (56.3%) | |
| Yes | 375 (18.6%) | 43 (26.6%) | 169 (30.3%) | 37 (39.3%) | |
| Unknown | 77 (4.4%) | 5 (2.0%) | 30 (4.4%) | 4 (4.4%) | |
| Hypertension (yes, %) | 0.001 | ||||
| No | 541 (36.5%) | 27 (30.0%) | 106 (20.4%) | 20 (21.1%) | |
| Yes | 1,087 (62.5%) | 84 (68.0%) | 391 (79.4%) | 67 (77.1%) | |
| Unknown | 18 (1.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (1.8%) | |
| Stroke (yes, %) | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 1,576 (95.7%) | 101 (90.8%) | 455 (90.4%) | 75 (82.4%) | |
| Yes | 68 (4.2%) | 10 (8.6%) | 44 (9.6%) | 13 (17.6%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Cancer (yes, %) | 0.653 | ||||
| No | 1,300 (75.6%) | 92 (76.8%) | 414 (78.1%) | 71 (81.5%) | |
| Yes | 345 (24.4%) | 20 (23.2%) | 85 (21.9%) | 16 (18.1%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 | 1 (0.4%) | |
| Component of functional disability (yes, %) | |||||
| Activities of daily living | 183 (8.7%) | 41 (27.1%) | 101 (20.5%) | 51 (57.5%) | <0.001 |
| Instrumental activities of daily living | 236 (12.6%) | 51 (28.6%) | 123 (26.1%) | 61 (71.6%) | <0.001 |
| Leisure and social activities | 164 (8.3%) | 49 (30.2%) | 97 (19.7%) | 51 (61.7%) | <0.001 |
| Lower extremity mobility | 383 (20.9%) | 63 (44.7%) | 164 (37.3%) | 66 (80.2%) | <0.001 |
| General physical activities | 627 (36.3%) | 83 (64.1%) | 235 (50.1%) | 74 (84.8%) | <0.001 |
| Mortality (yes, %) | |||||
| All-cause mortality | 195 (11.0%) | 17 (9.2%) | 147 (34.9%) | 29 (43.2%) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 60 (3.0%) | 6 (2.2%) | 50 (12.2%) | 14 (19.5%) | <0.001 |
| Cancer mortality | 58 (3.9%) | 4 (2.0%) | 35 (7.8%) | 4 (3.3%) | 0.019 |
Frequency (weighted percentages) was presented for categorical variables.