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. 2023 May 4;15:1121190. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1121190

Table 2.

Separate associations of depression and low global cognition with each component of functional disability.

Functional disability Depression Low global cognition The interaction effect
OR (95% CI) P OR (95% CI) P OR (95% CI) P
ADLs 3.76 (2.27, 6.23) <0.001 2.05 (1.39, 3.00) 0.001 1.45 (0.75, 2.83) 0.260
IADLs 2.96 (1.91, 4.58) <0.001 2.00 (1.39, 2.89) 0.001 3.02 (1.37, 6.68) 0.008
LSA 4.10 (3.15, 5.34) <0.001 2.07 (1.40, 3.06) 0.001 1.49 (0.67, 3.29) 0.318
LEM 2.96 (1.68, 5.20) <0.001 1.53 (1.05, 2.23) 0.028 3.00 (1.22, 7.42) 0.019
GPA 2.88 (1.78, 4.64) <0.001 1.20 (0.95, 1.54) 0.128 1.71 (0.55, 5.35) 0.344

Adjusted for age categories, gender, race, marital status, education, smoke, alcohol drinking, physical activity, ratio of family income to poverty category, body mass index category, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cancer.

ADLs, activities of daily living; IADLs, instrumental activities of daily living; LSA, leisure and social activities; LEM, lower extremity mobility; GPA, general physical activity; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.