Table 3.
Combined associations of depression and low global cognition with each component of functional disability.
| Functional disability | Normal | Depression only | Low global cognition only | Coexistence of depression and low global cognition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| ADLs | 1.00 (reference) | / | 3.31 (1.91, 5.75) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.30, 2.85) | 0.002 | 9.27 (4.87, 17.63) | <0.001 |
| IADLs | 1.00 (reference) | / | 2.10 (1.22, 3.62) | 0.009 | 1.73 (1.17, 2.56) | 0.007 | 11.01 (5.68, 21.32) | <0.001 |
| LSA | 1.00 (reference) | / | 3.61 (2.49, 5.24) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.34, 2.82) | 0.001 | 10.41 (5.42, 19.98) | <0.001 |
| LEM | 1.00 (reference) | / | 2.20 (1.14, 4.23) | 0.020 | 1.37 (0.92, 2.06) | 0.121 | 9.06 (4.58, 17.92) | <0.001 |
| GPA | 1.00 (reference) | / | 2.54 (1.40, 4.60) | 0.003 | 1.16 (0.89, 1.50) | 0.266 | 5.02 (2.04, 12.32) | 0.001 |
Adjusted for age categories, gender, race, marital status, education, smoke, alcohol drinking, physical activity, ratio of family income to poverty category, body mass index category, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cancer.
ADLs, activities of daily living; IADLs, instrumental activities of daily living; LSA, leisure and social activities; LEM, lower extremity mobility; GPA, general physical activity; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.