Table 5.
Joint effects of depression and low global cognition on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality.
| Mortality | Normal | Depression only | Low global cognition only | Coexistence of depression and low global cognition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | / | 0.89 (0.34, 2.34) | 0.808 | 1.65 (1.18, 2.29) | 0.004 | 3.19 (1.72, 5.93) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | / | 0.79 (0.30, 2.06) | 0.616 | 1.51 (1.07, 2.13) | 0.020 | 2.31 (1.18, 4.55) | 0.017 |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | / | 0.74 (0.27, 2.00) | 0.537 | 1.69 (0.96, 2.98) | 0.069 | 5.41 (2.01, 14.56) | 0.002 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | / | 0.65 (0.22, 1.92) | 0.421 | 1.54 (0.83, 2.87) | 0.167 | 4.11 (1.43, 11.75) | 0.010 |
| Cancer mortality | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | / | 0.65 (0.18, 2.42) | 0.513 | 1.25 (0.64, 2.47) | 0.504 | 1.14 (0.29, 4.51) | 0.852 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | / | 0.61 (0.16, 2.34) | 0.458 | 1.21 (0.59, 2.46) | 0.595 | 0.83 (0.17, 4.15) | 0.817 |
Model 1: adjusted for age categories, gender, race, marital status, education, smoke, alcohol drinking, physical activity, ratio of family income to poverty category, body mass index category, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cancer.
Model 2: adjusted for model 1 covariates plus disability in activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, leisure and social activities, lower extremity mobility and general physical activity.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.