TABLE 1.
Distribution of patients’ demographics, clinical variables, comorbidities, and blood analytes and cells between COVID-19 non-survivors and survivors.
| Variables | Dead (n = 305) number (%) |
Alive (n = 1439) number (%) |
P- value |
| Male | 200 (65.5%) | 831 (57.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) M ± SD | 57.69 ± 18.23 | 57.96 ± 16.59 | 0.805* |
| ICU admission | 213 (69.8%) | 147 (10.2%) | <0.0001 |
| ICU length of stay | 5.67 ± 9.14 | 0.61 ± 3.24 | <0.0001 |
| BMI M ± SD | 23.01 ± 3.70 | 24.25 ± 10.80 | 0.048 |
| Smoking and alcohol and drug | 45 (14.7%) | 131 (0.09%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 42 (13.7%) | 138 (0.09%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 211 (69.1%) | 670 (46.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypotension | 4 (1.3%) | (0.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 20 (6.5%) | 41 (2.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Cancer | 43 (12.2%) | 103 (7.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 115 (37.7%) | 338 (23.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 85 (27.8%) | 111 (7.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 10 (3.2%) | 24 (1.6%) | 0.001 |
| Neurological disease | 23 (7.5%) | 64 (4.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Immunodeficiency disease | 3 (0.9%) | 12 (0.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Rheumatic disease | 20 (6.5%) | 42 (2.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal ulcer | 4 (1.3%) | 23 (1.5%) | 0.002 |
| Hemiplegia | 2 (0.6%) | 10 (0.6%) | 0.002 |
| HIV | 4 (1.3%) | 3 (0.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 124 (40.6%) | 478 (33.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 19 (6.2%) | 110 (7.6%) | 0.001 |
| Transplantation | 4 (1.3%) | 16 (1.1%) | 0.002 |
| Loss of consciousness | 47 (15.4%) | 18 (1.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Heart abnormal findings | 110 (36%) | 210 (14.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Weight loss | 5 (1.6%) | 16 (1.1%) | 0.002 |
| Wet cough | 63 (20.6%) | 277 (19.2%) | 0.001 |
| Trembling | 95 (31.1%) | 664 (46.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Sweating | 22 (7.2%) | 172 (11.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Sputum | 32 (10.4%) | 92 (6.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Rhinorrhea | 9 (2.9%) | 34 (2.3%) | 0.002 |
| Muscle pain myalgia | 120 (39.3%) | 774 (53.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Loss of taste | 3 (0.9%) | 80 (5%) | <0.0001 |
| Loss of smell | 3 (0.9%) | 97 (6.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Limb edema | 21 (6.8%) | 32 (2.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Joint pain arthralgia | 8 (2.5%) | 56 (3.8%) | 0.001 |
| Hemoptysis | 16 (5.2%) | 58 (4%) | 0.001 |
| Fatigue | 13 (4.2%) | 49 (3.4%) | 0.002 |
| Epigastric | 27 (8.8%) | 146 (10.1%) | 0.002 |
| Dizziness | 16 (5.2%) | 125 (8.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Diarrhea | 33 (10.8%) | 246 (17%) | <0.0001 |
| Chest pain | 25 (5.5%) | 224 (15.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 3 (0.9%) | 13 (0.9%) | 0.002 |
| Temperature | 37.19 ± 0.84 | 37.19 ± 0.87 | 0.993* |
| Systolic blood pressure M ± SD | 122.22 ± 22.30 | 121.96 ± 17.30 | 0.821* |
| Diastolic blood pressure M ± SD | 75.39 ± 13.05 | 78.96 ± 33.82 | 0.069* |
| Heart rate M ± SD | 96.10 ± 19.9 | 94.35 ± 37.3 | 0.427* |
| Respiratory rate M ± SD | 21.46 ± 7.82 | 20.45 ± 7.52 | 0.036 |
| Oxygen saturation (percent) M ± SD | 83.60 ± 11.61 | 90.76 ± 6.23 | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin (HB) M ± SD | 13.00 ± 2.46 | 13.48 ± 2.18 | 0.001 |
| Fasting blood sugar (FBS) M ± SD | 132.47 ± 91.24 | 98.95 ± 54.31 | <0.0001 |
| ESR M ± SD | 56.26 ± 40.31 | 48.14 ± 38.59 | 0.001 |
| Ferritin (I) M ± SD | 589.47 ± 867.36 | 295.29 ± 432.65 | <0.0001 |
| Urea M ± SD | 55.87 ± 63.83 | 34.70 ± 28.27 | <0.0001 |
| pHM ± SD | 7.39 ± 0.03 | 7.40 ± 0.01 | 0.004 |
| D-dimer M ± SD | 1,073 ± 2,217 | 1490 ± 25,067 | 0.772* |
| Creatinine M ± SD | 1.62 ± 1.30 | 1.20 ± 0.80 | <0.0001 |
| BSM ± SD | 108.60 ± 106.26 | 71.05 ± 91.54 | <0.0.0001 |
| Albumin M ± SD | 5.12 ± 13.99 | 5.31 ± 44.73 | 0.940 |
| ALT M ± SD | 49.06 ± 106.94 | 35.00 ± 30.51 | <0.0.0001 |
| AST M ± SD | 34.16 ± 123.72 | 24.71 ± 21.81 | 0.007 |
| ALP M ± SD | 94.39 ± 97.13 | 83.55 ± 37.41 | 0.001 |
| LDH M ± SD | 185.43 ± 161.88 | 193.95 ± 333.58 | 0.191* |
| BNP M ± SD | 399.95 ± 2783.98 | 37.86 ± 524.14 | <0.0001 |
| Troponin M ± SD | 16.54 ± 131.92 | 2.44 ± 65.51 | 0.006 |
| CPK M ± SD | 126.01 ± 212.49 | 100.17 ± 49.09 | <0.0001 |
| Direct bilirubin M ± SD | 0.30 ± 1.13 | 0.21 ± 0.07 | 0.002 |
| Total bilirubin M ± SD | 0.82 ± 1.52 | 0.66 ± 0.17 | <0.0001 |
| Calcium (Ca) M ± SD | 8.43 ± 1.05 | 8.83 ± 0.86 | <0.0001 |
| Sodium (Na) M ± SD | 138.41 ± 4.63 | 138.90 ± 3.79 | 0.049 |
| Potassium (K) M ± SD | 4.27 ± 0.67 | 4.18 ± 0.55 | 0.008 |
| Phosphorus (P) M ± SD | 3.75 ± 1.22 | 3.64 ± 0.81 | 0.057* |
| Magnesium (Mg) M ± SD | 2.18 ± 0.49 | 2.15 ± 0.54 | 0.314* |
| WBC M ± SD | 7,925 ± 8,710 | 29,268 ± 45,967 | 0.416* |
| Neutrophil M ± SD | 7,404 ± 6,785 | 23,362 ± 2,58,760 | 0.437* |
| Lymphocyte M ± SD | 1,519 ± 1,341 | 4,091 ± 52,326 | 0.391* |
| PLT M ± SD | 2,32,662 ± 10,4536 | 2,41,032 ± 1,00,840 | 0.191* |
*non-significant.