Table 5.

Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and specific target organ damage (CKD)

CKD
Variable	Total no (%)	Yes no (%)	No (%)	OR (95% CI)	Model 1	Model 2
Overweight/obese
No	1598 (66.8)	168 (10.5)	1430 (89.5)	Ref.
Yes	796 (33.2)	106 (13.3)	690 (86.7)	0.750 (0.578 to 0.974)	0.774 (0.596–1.005)	0.778 (0.589–1.028)
Alcohol
No	1486 (62.1)	172 (11.6)	1314 (88.4)	Ref.
Yes	908 (37.9)	102 (11.2)	1844 (89.0)	1.003 (0.772 to 1.303)	0.915 (0.688–1.218)	0.810 (0.565–1.161)
Smoking
No	2073 (86.6)	229 (11.0)	1844 (89.0)	Ref.
Yes	321 (13.4)	45 (14.0)	276 (86.0)	0.784 (0.554 to 1.111)	0.678 (0.448–1.024)	0.665 (0.439–1.008)
Diabetes
No	2187 (91.7)	254 (11.6)	1933 (88.4)	Ref.
Yes	199 (8.3)	19 (9.5)	180 (90.5)	1.212 (0.741 to 1.983)	1.200 (0.730–1.975)	1.208 (0.730–1.997)
Hypertension
No	1550 (64.7)	186 (12.0)	1364 (88.0)	Ref.
Yes	844 (35.3)	88 (10.4)	756 (89.6)	1.163 (0.887 to 1.525)	1.126 (0.852–1.486)	1.118 (0.843–1.483)
Waist circumference
Normal	1882 (78.6)	213 (11.3)	1669 (88.7)	Ref.
Abnormal	512 (21.4)	61 (11.9)	451 (88.1)	0.926 (0.683 to 1.254)	0.870 (0.634–1.193)	0.825 (0.598–1.139)
Total cholesterol
Normal	2163 (90.4)	247 (11.4)	1916 (88.6)	Ref.
Abnormal	231 (9.6)	27 (11.7)	204 (88.3)	1.170 (0.663 to 2.066)	0.876 (0.566–1.356)	0.862 (0.555–1.339)
LDL-C
Normal	2077 (86.8)	239 (11.5)	1838 (88.5)	Ref.
High	317 (13.2)	35 (11.0)	282 (89.2)	1.355 (0.754 to 2.433)	1.000 (0.682–1.465)	0.951 (0.641–1.409)
Low HDL-C
No	1986 (82.9)	235 (11.8)	1751 (88.2)	Ref.
Yes	409 (17.1)	39 (9.5)	370 (90.5)	1.261 (0.881 to 1.804)	1.277 (0.893–1.827)	1.275 (0.890–1.825)
Dyslipidaemia
No	1882 (78.6)	213 (11.3)	1669 (88.7)	Ref.
Yes	512 (21.4)	61 (11.9)	451 (88.1)	0.706 (0.399 to 1.252)	0.870 (0.634–1.193)	0.825 (0.598–1.139)

CKD, chronic kidney disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.