Table 4.
Nurses' practice on pressure injury care and prevention (N = 448).
| No. | Items | Frequency, n (Percentage, %) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Always | ||
| 1. | I observe how other nurses assess the risk factors | 6 (1.3) | 14 (3.1) | 82 (18.3) | 164 (36.6) | 182 (40.6) |
| 2. | I identify common contributing factor of pressure injury/ulcer | 4 (9.0) | 16 (3.6) | 60 (13.4) | 170 (37.9) | 198 (44.2) |
| 3. | I do a skin assessment | 4 (9.0) | 10 (2.2) | 38 (8.5) | 114 (25.4) | 282 (62.9) |
| 4. | I use risk assessment scale | 26 (5.8) | 28 (6.3) | 34 (7.6) | 78 (17.4) | 282 (62.9) |
| 5. | I document all data | 14 (3.1) | 14 (3.1) | 20 (4.5) | 106 (23.7) | 294 (65.6) |
| 6. | I assess and provide management of pain | 12 (2.7) | 22 (4.9) | 36 (8.0) | 102 (22.8) | 276 (61.6) |
| 7. | I perform skin care as a routine work | 10 (2.2) | 16 (3.6) | 34 (7.6) | 98 (21.9) | 290 (64.7) |
| 8. | I place the pillow under the patient's leg | 10 (2.2) | 18 (4.0) | 94 (21.0) | 168 (37.5) | 158 (35.3) |
| 9. | I use water filled glove under the patient's leg | 60 (13.4) | 62 (13.8) | 132 (29.5) | 120 (26.8) | 74 (16.5) |
| 10. | I use or advice caregiver to use creams or oils | 30 (6.7) | 20 (4.5) | 66 (14.7) | 144 (32.1) | 188 (42.0) |
| 11. | I pay more attention to pressure points | 6 (1.3) | 8 (1.8) | 24 (5.4) | 112 (25.0) | 298 (66.5) |
| 12. | I perform lab test | 102 (22.8) | 78 (17.4) | 112 (25.0) | 90 (20.1) | 66 (14.7) |
| 13. | I provide vitamin and food | 28 (6.3) | 20 (4.5) | 70 (15.6) | 158 (35.3) | 172 (38.4) |
| 14. | I monitor a protein and calorie diet | 20 (4.5) | 24 (5.4) | 68 (15.2) | 180 (40.2) | 156 (34.8) |
| 15. | I avoid dragging | 256 (57.1) | 106 (23.7) | 56 (12.5) | 12 (2.7) | 18 (4.0) |
| 16. | I always use a special mattress | 16 (3.6) | 30 (6.7) | 94 (21.0) | 118 (26.3) | 190 (42.4) |
| 17. | I avoid massage at the bony prominence area and patient's back | 86 (19.2) | 92 (20.5) | 136 (30.4) | 62 (13.8) | 72 (16.1) |
| 18. | I avoid using donut – shape (ring) cushion | 56 (12.5) | 60 (13.4) | 116 (25.9) | 102 (22.8) | 114 (25.4) |
| 19. | I turn a patient position every two hours | 12 (2.7) | 14 (3.1) | 36 (8.0) | 132 (29.5) | 254 (56.7) |
| 20. | I put pillows under the patient's leg ankle | 14 (3.1) | 24 (5.4) | 68 (15.2) | 162 (36.2) | 180 (40.2) |
| 21. | I always attend seminars | 50 (11.2) | 152 (33.9) | 156 (34.8) | 48 (10.7) | 42 (9.4) |
| 22. | I give advice to the patient or caregiver | 14 (3.1) | 42 (9.4) | 72 (16.1) | 124 (27.7) | 196 (43.8) |