Table 2. Summary Information of Genetic Instruments for Modifiable Risk Factors.

Risk factor	Unit	SNVs, No.a	LD thresholdb	Variation, %
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	SD in mmol/L	220	0.001	7.7c
Triglycerides	SD in mmol/L	440	0.001	10.3c
Apolipoprotein B	SD in g/L	255	0.001	9.2c
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol	SD in mmol/L	534	0.001	11.9c
Apolipoprotein A1	SD in g/L	440	0.001	10.1c
Educational attainment	years	3952	0.1	12-16
BMI	SD per 1 unit	507	0.001	6
Smoking initiation	Ever smoked regularly vs never smoke	378	0.1	2.3
Alcohol consumption	SD in alcoholic drinks per week	99	0.1	0.7
Systolic blood pressure	10 mm Hg	266	0.1	5.7
Diastolic blood pressure	10 mm Hg	346	0.1	5.3
Type 2 diabetes	Log odds	425	0.05	19

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); LD, linkage disequilibrium; SNV, single nucleotide variant.

^a Number of independent SNVs at genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸).

^b LD refers to the degree to which an allele of 1 genetic variant is inherited or correlated with an allele of a nearby genetic variant within a given population. The threshold to prune for LD was obtained in the original genome-wide association studies.

^c Variation explained by genetic instrumental variables were calculated based on the formula: β² × 2 × MAF × (1 − MAF), where MAF denotes mean minor allele frequency from European populations, obtained through Phenoscanner V2. Calculation of the remaining percentages are given in the original articles.