Table 2.
Description of intensive rehabilitation sessions performed by adolescent in both groups.
| Interventions and exercises | Description | Resistance added | ||||
| Physiotherapy | ||||||
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Stretching | |||||
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Triceps surae | Patient in supine position. PTa is pushing the patient foot in dorsiflexion with the knee extended as much as possible | N/Ab | ||
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Quadriceps | Patient in prone position. PT is bending the patient knee and maintaining the patient hip against the table | N/A | ||
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Hamstrings | Patient in supine position. PT is maintaining the patient knee extended and adding as much hip flexion as possible. The opposite leg must stay extended on the table | N/A | ||
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Iliopsoas | Patient in supine position on the lower part of the table. PT is maintaining a hip extension with a knee flexion. The opposite leg is placed on the chest of the PT | N/A | ||
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Strengthening | |||||
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Foot plantar flexion | Patient in supine position with knee extended. Ankle placed in dorsiflexion. Elastic band placed around the ball of the foot and help by the patient | Resistance band of various resistances | ||
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Foot dorsiflexion | Patient in supine position with knee extended. Ankle placed in plantar flexion. Elastic band placed around the instep of the foot and held by the PT | Resistance band of various resistances | ||
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Sit to stand | Patient seating on a chair and push with his feet on the ground to stand | Dumbbells from 5 kg to 10 kg | ||
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Knee flexion | Patient in prone position with knee extended. Elastic band is placed around patient ankle and held by the PT | Resistance band of various resistances | ||
| Hydrotherapy | ||||||
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Stretching | |||||
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Triceps surae | Patient standing against the pool. One lower limb in front of the other. Both feet on the ground with the back foot in maximal dorsiflexion | N/A | ||
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Quadriceps | Patient standing against the pool. Holding one lower limb and bending toward knee flexion while the other hand is stabilizing against the pool. | N/A | ||
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Iliopsoas | Patient kneeling against the pool. One knee against the ground and the other one bended. Pushing his gravity center forward | N/A | ||
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Strengthening | |||||
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Forward walking | Patient standing and walking forward at high intensity inside the swimming pool with water up to the belly. | Resistance band | ||
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Backward walking | Patient standing and walking backward at high intensity inside the swimming pool with water up to the belly. | Resistance band | ||
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Side walking | Patient standing and walking from side to side at high intensity inside the swimming pool with water up to the belly | Resistance band | ||
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Calf raises | Patient standing against the pool with water up to the belly. Pushing against the ground toward maximal plantar flexion and going back to the ground slowly | Water resistant weight | ||
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Squat | Patient standing against the pool with water up to the belly. Squatting up to 90 degrees of knee flexion and back to the initial position | Water resistant weight | ||
| GRAILc | ||||||
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Gait training | |||||
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Rope bridge | Patient standing on a treadmill. 4 markers are placed on posterior and anterior superior iliac spine. A self-paced mode is used to let the patient walk at a comfortable speed | Sway: level 1 to 3; pitch: level 1 to 3; encounters: level 1 to 3 | ||
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Step on it | Patient standing on a treadmill. 2 markers are placed on both lateral malleoli. Treadmill speed is set based on gait analysis assessment. | Increasing step length and decreasing step width | ||
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Balance | |||||
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Perturb | Patient is standing on the treadmill. Anteroposterior and mediolateral stimuli are produced from the treadmill. | Automatic mode starting from level 1 to 5 | ||
aPT: physiotherapist.
bN/A: not applicable.
cGRAIL: Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab.