TABLE 4.
Means ± SD values and results of significance tests for neurodevelopmental outcomes by hydrocephalus groups (prenatal group only)
| Assessment | No Hydrocephalus (n = 21) |
Unshunted Hydrocephalus (n = 20) |
p Value (No vs Unshunted Hydrocephalus) | Shunted Hydrocephalus (n = 35) |
p Value (Shunted vs No/Unshunted Hydrocephalus) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT | Value | NT | Value | NT | Value | |||
| Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales II*
|
21 |
92.5 ± 10.9 |
20 |
89.7 ± 9 |
0.379 |
34 |
86.4 ± 8.9 |
0.035 |
| Communication |
21 |
95.9 ± 12.4 |
20 |
98.4 ± 12.3 |
|
34 |
91.4 ± 11.8 |
|
| Daily living |
21 |
92.4 ± 11.9 |
20 |
88 ± 9.5 |
|
34 |
84.4 ± 10.4 |
|
| Socialization |
21 |
97.3 ± 13.2 |
20 |
96.7 ± 9.1 |
|
34 |
94.4 ± 10.4 |
|
| KBIT-2*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Composite score |
21 |
99.9 ± 15.5 |
19 |
101.5 ± 15.2 |
0.749 |
35 |
97.8 ± 17.3 |
|
| Verbal learning |
21 |
101.7 ± 14.7 |
19 |
104.1 ± 13.4 |
|
35 |
100.3 ± 16.3 |
|
| Nonverbal reasoning |
21 |
97.7 ± 15.8 |
19 |
98 ± 16.6 |
|
35 |
95.0 ± 19 |
|
| CVCLT-2 (trials 1–5)†
|
21 |
44.6 ± 9.5 |
19 |
44.4 ± 11.7 |
|
34 |
38.3 ± 10.1 |
0.012 |
| WJ-III*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reading composite‡
|
21 |
100.7 ± 15.1 |
19 |
103.2 ± 17.6 |
0.633 |
35 |
99.1 ± 20.5 |
|
| Math calculations |
21 |
92.6 ± 21.9 |
19 |
95.5 ± 20.9 |
0.676 |
35 |
88.7 ± 25.6 |
|
| CMS§
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dot learning |
21 |
8.6 ± 3.1 |
19 |
8.8 ± 2.9 |
0.818 |
35 |
7.7 ± 3 |
|
| Faces immediate |
21 |
7.7 ± 2.5 |
19 |
7.5 ± 2.7 |
0.774 |
30 |
7.7 ± 2.7 |
|
| Beery Visual-Motor Integration*
|
21 |
83.4 ± 12.3 |
19 |
87.7 ± 6.8 |
0.174 |
35 |
86.2 ± 11.9 |
|
| Purdue Pegboard total pegs¶
|
21 |
−1.8 ± 1.2 |
19 |
−1.8 ± 1.1 |
0.957 |
35 |
−2.3 ± 1.3 |
|
| NEPSY-II word generation§
|
21 |
8.4 ± 2.2 |
19 |
8.6 ± 2.9 |
0.807 |
34 |
7.8 ± 2.9 |
|
| SNAP—inattention**
|
21 |
1.0 ± 0.6 |
19 |
1.0 ± 0.6 |
0.765 |
35 |
1.3 ± 0.7 |
|
| SNAP—hyperactivity/impulsivity**
|
21 |
0.5 ± 0.5 |
19 |
0.6 ± 0.4 |
0.731 |
35 |
0.7 ± 0.5 |
|
| BRIEF—global executive composite†
|
19 |
52.0 ± 11.8 |
19 |
53.6 ± 8.8 |
0.245 |
34 |
56.7 ± 10.6 |
|
| FRESNO percentage | 21 | 94.3 ± 10.2 | 19 | 92.9 ± 7.7 | 0.635 | 33 | 90.2 ± 9.4 | |
*
Normative mean ± SD 100 ± 15.
†
Normative mean ± SD 50 ± 10.
‡
Average of the Letter Word Identification and Passage Comprehension tests.
§
Normative mean ± SD 10 ± 3.
¶
z-score average.
**
Raw score.