Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants
| Quartiles of PERIO | Q1 (n = 967) | Q2 (n = 1073) | Q3 (n = 1658) | Q4 (n = 1267) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 42.3413 ± 10.6764 | 54.5396 ± 14.2871 | 57.7376 ± 13.6435 | 57.8587 ± 12.3326 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 28.8750 ± 6.5105 | 29.9104 ± 6.4273 | 29.6258 ± 6.8878 | 29.0708 ± 6.6225 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin K | 5.9959 ± 1.1846 | 5.7870 ± 1.309864 | 5.7358 ± 1.2727 | 5.6458 ± 1.2683 | < 0.001 |
| Fibre | 7.3291 ± 2.3188 | 6.8323 ± 2.4048 | 6.7402 ± 2.4201 | 6.5978 ± 2.4502 | < 0.001 |
| Gender | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 416 (43.0196%) | 550 (51.2582%) | 925 (55.7901%) | 856 (67.5612%) | |
| Female | 551 (56.9804%) | 523 (48.7418%) | 733 (44.2099%) | 411 (32.4388%) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||||
| Mexican American | 101 (10.4447%) | 167 (15.5638%) | 260 (15.6815%) | 254 (20.0474%) | |
| Other Hispanics | 74 (7.6525%) | 125 (11.6496%) | 172 (10.3739%) | 109 (8.6030%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Whites | 551 (56.9804%) | 431 (40.1678%) | 688 (41.4958%) | 452 (35.6748%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Blacks | 117 (12.0993%) | 240 (22.3672%) | 397 (23.9445%) | 335 (26.4404%) | |
| Other races | 124 (12.8232%) | 110 (10.2516%) | 141 (8.5042%) | 117 (9.2344%) | |
| Education | < 0.001 | ||||
| Below Grade 9 | 36 (3.7736%) | 101 (9.6651%) | 174 (10.6880%) | 183 (14.7343%) | |
| Grades 9–11 | 47 (4.9266%) | 140 (13.3971%) | 278 (17.0762%) | 238 (19.1626%) | |
| High school graduate | 130 (13.6268%) | 235 (22.4880%) | 402 (24.6929%) | 349 (28.0998%) | |
| College/AA degree | 279 (29.2453%) | 286 (27.3684%) | 443 (27.2113%) | 298 (23.9936%) | |
| College degree or above | 460 (48.2180%) | 281 (26.8900%) | 320 (19.6560%) | 170 (13.6876%) | |
| Refused to answer | 1 (0.1048%) | 0 (0.0000%) | 3 (0.1843%) | 0 (0.0000%) | |
| Do not know | 1 (0.1048%) | 2 (0.1914%) | 8 (0.4914%) | 4 (0.3221%) |
BMI Body mass index, vitamin K (log2-transformed), fibre (log2-transformed)
Mean ± SD for continuous variables: P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model
% for categorical variables: P value was calculated by weighted chi-square test