Fig. (4).

Energy crisis contributes to the progress of AD. The reduced glucose uptake and utilization, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as lactate dysmetabolism promote the energy crisis in the brain, which impairs the macro-autophagy and mitophagy, and subsequently causes the productions of Aβ and p-tau, and promotes the neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysmetabolism; On the other hand, energy crisis may also promote ferroptosis via regulating CMA in neurons, and eventually promotes the progress of AD.