Table 1.

Demographic data of study participants

	ADHD (n = 107)		TD (n = 172)		Group Comparisons	Effects of Dx within sex
	Males (n = 76)	Females (n = 31)	Males (n = 119)	Females (n = 53)	p values	d
					ADHD vs. TD	Males	Females
Age (years)	10.4 (1.4)	10.0 (1.1)	10.4 (1.2)	10.1 (1.0)	0.732	0.03	0.09
Framewise Displacement	0.28 (0.10)	0.28 (0.15)	0.25 (0.11)	0.26 (0.12)	0.083	0.29	0.15
Socioeconomic Status	52.7 (9.5)	52.9 (9.7)	53.5 (10.1)	53.1 (8.8)	0.584	0.09	0.03
WISC GAI	112.6 (12.2)	110.2 (12.4)	116.8 (12.1)	111.4 (11.3)	0.045	0.34*	0.10
Conners IA T	70.4 (8.6)	80.9 (9.7)	45.0 (6.2)	45.9 (6.1)	< 0.001	3.40**	4.32**
Conners HI T	70.4 (13.3)	73.2 (14.8)	46.7 (5.5)	46.9 (5.8)	< 0.001	2.33**	2.34**
CBCL Externalizing T	54.6 (10.1)	57.8 (8.3)	42.9 (7.7)	41.0 (7.1)	< 0.001	1.29**	2.18**
CBCL Internalizing T	53.9 (9.4)	53.2 (9.8)	45.6 (9.0)	44.5 (9.2)	< 0.001	0.91**	0.92**
CBCL Anx/Dep T	55.4 (6.2)	56.1 (5.8)	51.5 (3.0)	51.9 (3.5)	< 0.001	0.81**	0.87**
CBCL Aff Problems T	58.5 (6.1)	58.3 (7.4)	51.4 (2.6)	50.7 (1.6)	< 0.001	1.53**	1.42**
Globus Pallidus Volume	2500 (259)	2312 (179)	2562 (241)	2327 (188)	< 0.001	0.25	0.08
Striatal Volume	18,303 (1818)	17,169 (1179)	18,697 (1785)	17,232 (1557)	< 0.001 ADHD males vs. females	0.22	0.05
ODD (n, %)	27 (36%)	12 (39%)	0	0	0.756	–	–
Stimulant Med (n, %)	44 (58%)	17 (55%)	0	0	0.722	–	–

Values represent means and (standard deviations) unless otherwise noted. Framewise displacement refers to head movement in the MRI scanner and socioeconomic status is conceptualized based on household income, family education and family occupational status.

WISC GAI = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children General Ability Index; Conners IA T = Conners Parent Rating Scale DSM Inattention; Conners HI T = Conners Parent Rating Scale DSM Hyperactivity/Impulsivity; CBCL Anx/Dep T = Child Behavior Checklist Anxiety/Depression; CBCL Aff Problems T = Child Behavior Checklist Affective Problems; T = T-score adjusted for age and sex d = Cohen’s d value

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01