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. 2023 May 8;120(20):e2218229120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2218229120

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

TRAF4 overexpression promotes CRPC development. (A) Overexpression of TRAF4 WT but not its E3-ubiquitin ligase-defective mutant (ΔRING) promotes androgen-independent cell growth. Left Upper, schematic representation of WT TRAF4 and its mutant. Left Bottom, control or TRAF4-overexpressing LNCaP stable cell numbers in the absence or presence of 1 nM of androgen DHT at day 1 and day 6. Right, western blot analysis of TRAF4 expression levels in control, TRAF4 wild-type or ΔRING-expressing LNCaP cells. (B) TRAF4-overexpressing LNCaP xenograft tumors are castration resistant. Upper, control or TRAF4-overexpressing LNCaP xenograft (subcutaneously injected) tumor growth (n = 5). Bottom, time periods for xenograft tumor studies. * represents P < 0.05.