Fig. 3.

DSR-derived ZVS supported cell growth of ZVS-metabolizing microorganisms (S⁰MMs). (A) DSR and ZVS generation in a coculture of DvH and Geobacter lovelyi LYY (Geo). (B) Cell growth of DvH and Geo in the coculture with pure cultures as the controls. Pure culture controls of DvH and Geo were prepared under the same growth conditions with the DvH-Geo coculture. (C) Proposed syntrophic interactions between DvH and Geo in the coculture. (D) The global distribution of cooccurred SRMs and ZVS-metabolizing microorganisms (S⁰MMs, i.e., ZVS-reducing-microorganisms/S⁰RMs and ZVS-disproportionating-microorganisms/S⁰DMs) in marine and terrestrial environments by meta-analysis. The metadata were retrieved from previous studies based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences (colorized bubbles) and metagenome sequencing data (gray bubbles). See SI Appendix, Tables S4 and S5 for the detailed metadata information. Error bars represent SDs of triplicate cultures.