Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of all participants by the OBS quartile.
| Variables | Overall (n = 5,233) |
Q1 (n = 1,608) |
Q2 (n = 1,310) |
Q3 (n = 1,422) |
Q4 (n = 893) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.23 (0.41) | 43.32 (0.60) | 44.62 (0.64) | 46.13 (0.60) | 47.31 (0.78) | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.1 | |||||
| Female | 2,062 (39.4) | 604 (25.23) | 494 (23.55) | 577 (30.41) | 387 (20.81) | |
| Male | 3,171 (60.6) | 1,004 (27.72) | 816 (26.18) | 845 (28.22) | 506 (17.88) | |
| Age group, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| 20–39 | 2,103 (40.19) | 681 (29.60) | 537 (25.45) | 545 (27.61) | 340 (17.34) | |
| 40–59 | 1,951 (37.28) | 597 (26.93) | 515 (25.96) | 538 (29.31) | 301 (17.80) | |
| 60–79 | 1,179 (22.53) | 330 (20.14) | 258 (22.41) | 339 (31.87) | 252 (25.57) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| College and higher | 3,495 (66.79) | 854 (21.20) | 827 (23.76) | 1,054 (31.39) | 760 (23.64) | |
| Middle and high school | 1,535 (29.33) | 677 (42.07) | 425 (28.62) | 319 (22.96) | 114 (6.35) | |
| Primary school and less | 203 (3.88) | 77 (40.38) | 58 (31.00) | 49 (20.89) | 19 (7.73) | |
| Race, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Black | 1,029 (19.66) | 499 (49.20) | 269 (26.55) | 192 (17.63) | 69 (6.61) | |
| Mexican | 623 (11.91) | 177 (28.60) | 189 (29.51) | 182 (30.09) | 75 (11.81) | |
| Other | 989 (18.9) | 247 (25.12) | 214 (23.42) | 285 (28.86) | 243 (22.60) | |
| White | 2,592 (49.53) | 685 (24.32) | 638 (24.81) | 763 (30.34) | 506 (20.53) | |
| PIR | <0.0001 | |||||
| ≤1 | 812 (15.52) | 377 (44.18) | 197 (23.27) | 167 (21.67) | 71 (10.89) | |
| >1 | 4,421 (84.48) | 1,231 (24.87) | 1,113 (25.27) | 1,255 (29.90) | 822 (19.95) | |
| WBC (×109/L) | 7.01 (0.05) | 7.51 (0.10) | 7.21 (0.07) | 6.81 (0.07) | 6.37 (0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Neu (×109/L) | 4.12 (0.04) | 4.46 (0.07) | 4.24 (0.05) | 3.97 (0.05) | 3.71 (0.07) | <0.0001 |
| Lym (×109/L) | 2.10 (0.01) | 2.21 (0.03) | 2.16 (0.03) | 2.07 (0.02) | 1.93 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
| Hb (g/L) | 14.52 (0.03) | 14.63 (0.06) | 14.58 (0.06) | 14.47 (0.05) | 14.35 (0.06) | 0.002 |
| Plt (×106/L) | 237.68 (1.57) | 243.98 (2.24) | 237.34 (2.58) | 237.81 (2.56) | 229.12 (3.06) | 0.002 |
| DM, n (%) | 0.004 | |||||
| No | 4,611 (88.11) | 1,360 (25.79) | 1,156 (24.98) | 1,269 (29.61) | 826 (19.62) | |
| Yes | 622 (11.89) | 248 (35.61) | 154 (26.12) | 153 (24.37) | 67 (13.89) | |
| CKD, n (%) | 0.003 | |||||
| No | 4,693 (89.68) | 1,399 (25.90) | 1,190 (24.99) | 1,297 (29.85) | 807 (19.26) | |
| Yes | 540 (10.32) | 209 (34.87) | 120 (26.07) | 125 (21.63) | 86 (17.43) | |
| CVD, n (%) | 0.65 | |||||
| No | 4,910 (93.83) | 1,485 (26.66) | 1,227 (24.94) | 1,348 (29.08) | 850 (19.32) | |
| Yes | 323 (6.17) | 123 (27.07) | 83 (27.62) | 74 (30.06) | 43 (15.25) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| No | 3,485 (66.6) | 960 (24.48) | 861 (24.30) | 962 (29.26) | 702 (21.95) | |
| Yes | 1,748 (33.4) | 648 (31.62) | 449 (26.84) | 460 (28.85) | 191 (12.70) | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 1,841 (35.18) | 527 (23.98) | 440 (23.82) | 499 (28.70) | 375 (23.50) | |
| Yes | 3,392 (64.82) | 1,081 (28.05) | 870 (25.72) | 923 (29.35) | 518 (16.88) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Never | 2,570 (49.11) | 573 (18.40) | 590 (21.97) | 802 (34.28) | 605 (25.35) | |
| Former | 1,364 (26.07) | 345 (22.86) | 345 (26.36) | 407 (29.35) | 267 (21.43) | |
| Now | 1,299 (24.82) | 690 (50.65) | 375 (30.62) | 213 (17.01) | 21 (1.72) | |
| OBS | 29.69 (0.08) | 25.10 (0.13) | 29.55 (0.02) | 31.50 (0.02) | 33.50 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
| Dietary OBS | 25.55 (0.06) | 22.13 (0.15) | 25.89 (0.05) | 26.97 (0.04) | 27.73 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
| Lifestyle OBS | 4.13 (0.04) | 2.96 (0.05) | 3.66 (0.05) | 4.53 (0.04) | 5.77 (0.03) | <0.0001 |
All values represented are weighted means (standard deviation) or counts (weighted percentage). The OBS was divided into four levels by quartile (5 < Q1 ≤ 28, 29 < Q2 ≤ 30, 31 < Q3 ≤ 32, and 32 < Q4 ≤36).
WBC, white blood cells; Neu, neutrophil; Lym, lymphocyte; Hb, hemoglobin; Plt, platelet; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; OBS, oxidative balance score; DM, diabetes.