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CRC risk related to the consumption of high-fat red meat. A high-fat diet upregulates the production of primary bile acid in the stomach. Some of this primary bile acid transits into the colon, transforming it into secondary BA by the gut microbiota. Secondary BAs are involved in several mechanisms leading to CRC carcinogenesis, including producing genotoxic substances (aromatic amino acids, hydrogen sulfide) and dysfunctional gut microbiota metabolism.
