Fig. 1.

The anti-MSRV effects of ursolic acid (UA) in GCO cells. (A) The UA molecule's chemical structure. (B) In vitro cytotoxicity of UA. Six-point dose-response curves for UA in GCO cells are depicted in orange. The 20% cytotoxic concentration (CC₂₀) of UA was indicated. The data were shown as mean ± SEM. (C) UA has an inhibitory impact on MSRV in GCO cells. Antiviral activity of UA was studied using six-point dose-response curve in GCO cells. The percent inhibition of UA in the MSRV of nucleoprotein (N) expression assay was shown in blue. The maximum percent inhibition observed (Max response) of MSRV was indicated. Data were shown as mean ± SEM. (D) UA reduced the titers of MSRV in GCO cells. Data were shown as mean ± SEM. The p value for each study was determined by Student's t-tests. **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.