Table 2.

Overview of characteristics of the studies included in the review (n = 43).

Study design, n (%)	Country, n (%)	Sample size across studies, mean (range)	Population a	Setting, n (%)	Data collection method, n (%)
•Quantitative: 22 (51) •Qualitative: 19 (44) •Mixed-method: 2 (5)	•North America (USA, Canada): 23 (53) •UK: 7 (16) •Australia: 3 (7) •New Zealand: 2 (5) •Multiple countries b: 1 (2) •Others c: 7 (16)	•Quantitative studies: 223 (11 to 1209) •Qualitative studies d: 16 (1 to 84)	•Parents n: 5235 (93% mothers, 7% fathers) •Mean age of parents: 38.0 (range: 23 to 65) •Children n e: 5470	•Healthcare setting f: 22 (51) •Community setting g: 9 (21) •Mixed setting h: 3 (7) •Online: 3 (7) •Not reported: 6 (14)	•Interview/survey: 19 (44) •Validated tool/questionnaire: 15 (35) •Focus group: 3 (7) •Online survey: 3 (7) •Phone interview: 2 (5) •Mothers' personal accounts: 1 (2)

^aNumbers are based on studies that reported their sample size. One study included both parents, but did not report the number of mothers and fathers separately (Klinnert, 2015); another study involved female caregivers and fathers, but did not specify how the female caregivers were related to the child (Song, 2018).

^bOne study included English-speaking participants from multiple countries (USA, UK, and Canada) using online recruitment (Broome, 2015).

^cIncluded Croatia, Germany, Iran, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, and Turkey.

^dIncluding qualitative part of the mixed-method studies.

^eNumber of children was not reported in thirteen studies.

^fE.g., allergy clinics, pediatric offices, hospitals and emergency departments.

^gE.g., participants home or workplace, community events, allergy campaigns, support groups, and schools.

^hHealthcare and community settings.