IL-33 treatment increases M2 phenotypic markers during TMEV infection of RAW cells. 1 × 106 RAW Lucia or IRF3KO RAW Lucia cells were incubated overnight in 6-well plates, pretreated with 20 ng/ml IL-33 for 24 h, and then challenged with 5 × 106 TMEV. After 24 h, gene expression of cellular IL-6 and iNOS (M1 markers) or CD206 and ARG1 (M2 markers) was assessed using qRT-PCR. For the reported data n=3 for each condition of an experiment, which was repeated n=3. Data are means ± standard error analyzed by Student's t-test; *; ** indicates significantly different from controls, p≤ 0.05.