Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Total (n= 115097) |
Non-GDM (n= 95741) |
GDM (n= 19356) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at delivery, years | 29.7 ± 4.6 | 29.4 ± 4.5 | 31.7 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
| 18-24 | 13643 (11.9) | 12620 (13.2) | 1023 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
| 25-29 | 45617 (39.6) | 39950 (41.7) | 5667 (29.3) | |
| 30-34 | 37929 (33.0) | 30600 (32.0) | 7329 (37.9) | |
| 35-39 | 14746 (12.8) | 10588 (11.1) | 4158 (21.5) | |
| >=40 | 3162 (2.7) | 1983 (2.1) | 1179 (6.1) | |
| Parity | ||||
| Nulliparous | 58582 (50.9) | 50040 (52.3) | 8542 (44.1) | < 0.001 |
| econd delivery | 47359 (41.1) | 38488 (40.2) | 8871 (45.8) | |
| Third and more delivery | 9156 (8.0) | 7213 (7.5) | 1943 (10.0) | |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| Vaginal | 71953 (62.5) | 60990 (63.7) | 10963 (56.6) | |
| Cesarean | 43144 (37.5) | 34751 (36.3) | 8393 (43.4) | |
| Gestation at delivery, weeks | 38.99 ± 1.86 | 39.04 ± 1.85 | 38.75 ± 1.89 | < 0.001 |
| 24-31 | 1689 (1.5) | 1361 (1.4) | 328 (1.7) | < 0.001 |
| 32-36 | 7249 (6.3) | 5678 (5.9) | 1571 (8.1) | |
| 37-38 | 33691 (29.3) | 27427 (28.6) | 6264 (32.4) | |
| 39-40 | 65004 (56.5) | 54304 (56.7) | 10700 (55.3) | |
| 41-42 | 7464 (6.5) | 6971 (7.3) | 493 (2.5) | |
| Newborn sex | ||||
| Male | 61706 (53.6) | 51131 (53.4) | 10575 (54.6) | 0.002 |
| Female | 53391 (46.4) | 44610 (46.6) | 8781 (45.4) | |
| Birth weight, kg | 3.171 ± 0.497 | 3.172 ± 0.491 | 3.167 ± 0.525 | 0.148 |
| Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) | 7767 (6.7) | 6243 (6.5) | 1524 (7.9) | < 0.001 |
| Macrosomia (≥ 4.0 kg) | 3789 (3.3) | 2962 (3.1) | 827 (4.3) | |
| Z score for birthweight | 0.001 ± 0.883 | -0.014 ± 0.873 | 0.078 ± 0.928 | < 0.001 |
| Small for gestational age (≤ 10th centile) | 8039 (7.0) | 6797 (7.1) | 1242 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
| Large for gestational age (≥ 90th centile) | 8530 (7.4) | 6630 (6.9) | 1900 (9.8) | |
Values are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.
P-value for comparing variable between Non-GDM and GDM group.