Table 3. Characteristics of patients with acute bronchiolitis episodes and treated with or without bronchodilators in the emergency department after the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline on bronchiolitis [3] (periods 2 and 3, combined).
| Patient characteristics | No bronchodilator (N = 421) | With bronchodilator (N = 108) | p-value | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| Age, % aged > 6 months | 421 | 126 (29.9) | 108 | 99 (91.7) | <0.001 | 25.8 (12.6 to 52.6) | <0.001 | 24.5 (11.8 to 50.8) | <0.001 |
| Age (among those > 6 months), months | 126 | 7.8 (6.9 to 9.1) | 99 | 9.0 (7.7 to 10.6) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.7) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Sex, female | 421 | 194 (46.1) | 108 | 36 (33.3) | 0.02 | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) | 0.02 | - | - |
| Prematurity | 395 | 37 (9.4) | 96 | 12 (12.5) | 0.4 | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) | 0.4 | - | - |
| Personal history of atopy | 421 | 15 (3.6) | 108 | 12 (11.1) | 0.001 | 3.5 (1.5 to 7.5) | 0.003 | - | - |
| Family history of atopy | 45 | 23 (51.1) | 32 | 16 (50.0) | 0.9 | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.4) | 0.9 | - | - |
| Duration of symptoms at presentation, days | 406 | 3 (2 to 4) | 104 | 3 (2 to 4) | 0.06 | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 0.09 | - | - |
| Moderate or severe retractions | 421 | 251 (59.6) | 108 | 71 (65.7) | 0.2 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.0) | 0.2 | - | - |
| Wheezing | 421 | 150 (35.6) | 108 | 81 (75.0) | <0.001 | 5.4 (3.3 to 8.7) | <0.001 | 5.0 (2.9 to 8.6) | <0.001 |
| Tachypnoea | 416 | 239 (57.4) | 108 | 66 (61.1) | 0.5 | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.8) | 0.5 | - | - |
| Oxygen saturation at presentation, % | 406 | 97 (96 to 99) | 105 | 97 (94 to 98) | 0.03 | 0.9 (0.9 to 1.0) | 0.08 | - | - |
| Hospitalization | 421 | 159 (37.8) | 108 | 35 (32.4) | 0.3 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.3 | - | - |
| ICU admission | 421 | 28 (6.6) | 108 | 1 (0.9) | 0.02 | 0.1 (0.2 to 0.9) | 0.05 | - | - |
| Length of stay in hospitalized subjects, days | 159 | 4.6 (2.9 to 7.1) | 35 | 2.8 (1.6 to 5.1) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) | 0.002 | - | - |
| Bronchodilators before ED presentation | 421 | 50 (11.9) | 108 | 39 (36.1) | <0.001 | 4.2 (2.6 to 6.85) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Oral corticosteroids before ED presentation | 421 | 4 (0.9) | 108 | 5 (4.6) | 0.008 | 5.1 (1.3 to 19.2) | 0.02 | - | - |
| Inhaled corticosteroids before ED presentation | 421 | 4 (0.9) | 108 | 3 (2.8) | 0.1 | 3.0 (0.7 to 13.5) | 0.2 | - | - |
| Antibiotics before ED presentation | 421 | 28 (6.6) | 108 | 12 (11.1) | 0.1 | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.6) | 0.1 | - | - |
Categorical variables are reported as number (%), continuous variables are reported as median (interquartile range).