Table 6. Acute bronchiolitis episodes in patients treated with or without inhaled corticosteroids in the emergency department, after publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline on bronchiolitis3 (periods 2 and 3, combined)a.
| Patient characteristics | No inhaled corticosteroids (N = 527) | With inhaled corticosteroids (N = 2) | p-value | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| Age, % aged > 6 months | 527 | 223 (42.3) | 2 | 2 (100.0) | 0.2 | - | - | - | - |
| Age (among those > 6 months), months | 223 | 8.2 (7.2 to 9.9) | 2 | 8.8 (6.8 to 10.8) | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.5) | 0.9 | - | - |
| Sex, female | 527 | 229 (43.4) | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1.0 | 1.3 (0.1 to 20.9) | 0.9 | - | - |
| Prematurity | 490 | 49 (10.0) | 1 | 0 (0) | 1.0 | - | - | - | - |
| Personal history of atopy | 527 | 26 (4.9) | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 0.1 | 19.3 (1.2 to 316.8) | 0.04 | - | - |
| Family history of atopy | 76 | 38 (50.0) | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 1.0 | - | - | - | - |
| Duration of symptoms at presentation, days | 508 | 3 (2 to 4) | 2 | 2 (1 to 3) | 0.3 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.6) | 0.4 | - | - |
| Moderate or severe retractions | 527 | 321 (60.9) | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.04 to 10.3) | 0.8 | - | - |
| Wheezing | 527 | 229 (43.5) | 2 | 2 (100.0) | 0.2 | - | - | - | - |
| Tachypnoea | 522 | 305 (58.4) | 2 | 0 (0) | 0.2 | - | - | - | - |
| Oxygen saturation at presentation, % | 509 | 97 (95 to 99) | 2 | 100 (100 to 100) | 0.05 | - | - | - | - |
| Hospitalization | 527 | 193 (36.6) | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1.0 | 1.7 (0.1 to 27.8) | 0.7 | - | - |
| ICU admission | 527 | 29 (5.5) | 2 | 0 (0) | 1.0 | - | - | - | - |
| Length of stay in hospitalized subjects, days | 193 | 4.3 (2.6 to 6.9) | 1 | 3.5 (3.5 to 3.5) | 0.6 | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.9) | 0.6 | - | - |
| Bronchodilators before ED presentation | 527 | 88 (16.7) | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 0.3 | 5.0 (0.3 to 80.5) | 0.3 | - | - |
| Oral corticosteroids before ED presentation | 527 | 9 (1.7) | 2 | 0 (0) | 1.0 | - | - | - | - |
| Inhaled corticosteroids before ED presentation | 527 | 6 (1.1) | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 0.03 | 86 (4.8 to 1556.6) | 0.002 | - | - |
| Antibiotics before ED presentation | 527 | 40 (7.6) | 2 | 0 (0) | 1.0 | - | - | - | - |
Categorical variables are reported as number (%), continuous variables are reported as median (interquartile range).
a The study periods were determined based on the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline on bronchiolitis: [3] Period 2 immediately followed publication of the guideline and Period 3 covered year 3 post-guideline publication.