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. 2023 May 18;18(5):e0285771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285771

Table 3. Association between cancer stigma and self-reported cervical cancer screening uptake (n = 426).

Screening Univariable Multivariable
Yes n(%) No n(%) OR 95% CI p-value aOR* 95% CI p-value
Overall
No stigma 102(31.2) 225(68.8) Ref
Stigma 11(11.1) 88(88.9) 0.3 0.14,0.45 <0.001 0.23 0.11,0.49 <0.001
Awkwardness
No stigma 98(32.2) 206(67.8) Ref
Stigma 15(12.3) 107(87.7) 0.3 0.16,0.53 <0.001 0.29 0.15,0.54 <0.001
Severity
No stigma 61(31.8) 131(68.2) Ref
Stigma 52(22.2) 182(77.8) 0.6 0.39,0.94 0.027 0.53 0.33,0.86 0.01
Avoidance
No stigma 109(27.2) 292(72.8) Ref
Stigma 4(16.0) 21(84.0) 0.5 0.17,1.52 0.228 0.65 0.20,2.04 0.459
Policy Opposition
No stigma 113(26.9) 307(73.1) Ref
Stigma 0(0) 6(100%) 1 1
Personal responsibility
No stigma 18(18.0) 82(82.0) Ref
Stigma 95(29.0) 231(70.9) 1.9 1.06,3.29 0.029 2.06 1.12,3.79 0.019
Financial discrimination
No stigma 80(31.6) 173(68.4) Ref
Stigma 33(19.1)  140(80.9) 0.5 0.35,0.60 0.004 0.49 0.30,0.80 0.004

*Adjusted for age, ethnicity, occupation, religion, parity, education, current family planning current user, age at menarche, first sexual intercourse age

OR- Odds Ratio; aOR = adjusted Odds Ratio;