Table 3. Association between cancer stigma and self-reported cervical cancer screening uptake (n = 426).
Screening | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n(%) | No n(%) | OR | 95% CI | p-value | aOR* | 95% CI | p-value | |
Overall | ||||||||
No stigma | 102(31.2) | 225(68.8) | Ref | |||||
Stigma | 11(11.1) | 88(88.9) | 0.3 | 0.14,0.45 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.11,0.49 | <0.001 |
Awkwardness | ||||||||
No stigma | 98(32.2) | 206(67.8) | Ref | |||||
Stigma | 15(12.3) | 107(87.7) | 0.3 | 0.16,0.53 | <0.001 | 0.29 | 0.15,0.54 | <0.001 |
Severity | ||||||||
No stigma | 61(31.8) | 131(68.2) | Ref | |||||
Stigma | 52(22.2) | 182(77.8) | 0.6 | 0.39,0.94 | 0.027 | 0.53 | 0.33,0.86 | 0.01 |
Avoidance | ||||||||
No stigma | 109(27.2) | 292(72.8) | Ref | |||||
Stigma | 4(16.0) | 21(84.0) | 0.5 | 0.17,1.52 | 0.228 | 0.65 | 0.20,2.04 | 0.459 |
Policy Opposition | ||||||||
No stigma | 113(26.9) | 307(73.1) | Ref | |||||
Stigma | 0(0) | 6(100%) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Personal responsibility | ||||||||
No stigma | 18(18.0) | 82(82.0) | Ref | |||||
Stigma | 95(29.0) | 231(70.9) | 1.9 | 1.06,3.29 | 0.029 | 2.06 | 1.12,3.79 | 0.019 |
Financial discrimination | ||||||||
No stigma | 80(31.6) | 173(68.4) | Ref | |||||
Stigma | 33(19.1) | 140(80.9) | 0.5 | 0.35,0.60 | 0.004 | 0.49 | 0.30,0.80 | 0.004 |
*Adjusted for age, ethnicity, occupation, religion, parity, education, current family planning current user, age at menarche, first sexual intercourse age
OR- Odds Ratio; aOR = adjusted Odds Ratio;