Table 1. Diabetes eye care service use and predictors of being unable to access diabetes eye care services in New Zealand, 2006–2019.
| Summary of diabetes eye care service use | Predictors of being unable to access care | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Subgroup | Total† | Attended DRS only | Attended DRS and ophthalmology | Attended ophthalmology only | Attended DRS but not ophthalmology when referred | Never attended DRS or ophthalmology | Never attended DRS or ophthalmology | Attended DRS but not ophthalmology when referred | ||
| n (col%) | n (row%) | n (row%) | n (row%) | n (row%) | n (row%) | Relative Risk (95% CI) | p-value‡ | Relative Risk (95% CI) | p-value‡ | |
| Total | 245844(100.0) | 125821(51.2) | 78300(31.8) | 35883(14.6) | 2039(0.8) | 3801(1.5) | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 116292(47.3) | 56515(48.6) | 38269(32.9) | 18809(16.2) | 966(0.8) | 1733(1.5) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Male | 129550(52.7) | 69304(53.5) | 40031(30.9) | 17074(13.2) | 1073(0.8) | 2068(1.6) | 1.16(1.08, 1.23) | <0.0001 | 1.04(0.95, 1.13) | 0.3933 |
| Not specified | 2(0.0) | 2(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 15–29 | 15938(6.5) | 10440(65.5) | 2950(18.5) | 1664(10.4) | 188(1.2) | 696(4.4) | 3.85(3.46, 4.28) | <0.0001 | 1.31(1.11, 1.55) | 0.0017 |
| 30–39 | 27579(11.2) | 18761(68.0) | 5658(20.5) | 2100(7.6) | 334(1.2) | 726(2.6) | 2.28(2.05, 2.54) | <0.0001 | 1.34(1.17, 1.54) | <0.0001 |
| 40–49 | 48526(19.7) | 31000(63.9) | 12093(24.9) | 4149(8.6) | 453(0.9) | 831(1.7) | 1.53(1.38, 1.69) | <0.0001 | 1.06(0.94, 1.21) | 0.3406 |
| 50–59 | 58721(23.9) | 31880(54.3) | 18911(32.2) | 6821(11.6) | 491(0.8) | 618(1.1) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 60–69 | 51980(21.1) | 21176(40.7) | 21262(40.9) | 8815(17.0) | 326(0.6) | 401(0.8) | 0.78(0.69, 0.88) | 0.0001 | 0.79(0.68, 0.90) | <0.0001 |
| 70–79 | 32976(13.4) | 9855(29.9) | 14251(43.2) | 8349(25.3) | 185(0.6) | 336(1.0) | 1.09(0.96, 1.25) | 0.1920 | 0.73(0.62, 0.87) | <0.0001 |
| 80+ | 10124(4.1) | 2709(26.8) | 3175(31.4) | 3985(39.4) | 62(0.6) | 193(1.9) | 2.18(1.85, 2.57) | <0.0001 | 0.84(0.64, 1.09) | 0.1913 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| NZ European | 132907(54.1) | 66029(49.7) | 43184(32.5) | 21347(16.1) | 869(0.7) | 1478(1.1) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Māori | 35176(14.3) | 19027(54.1) | 10676(30.4) | 3743(10.6) | 620(1.8) | 1110(3.2) | 2.12(1.95, 2.31) | <0.0001 | 1.98(1.77, 2.22) | <0.0001 |
| Pacific | 35216(14.3) | 17314(49.2) | 11708(33.2) | 5060(14.4) | 366(1.0) | 768(2.2) | 1.41(1.28, 1.55) | <0.0001 | 1.11(0.98, 1.27) | 0.1115 |
| Asian | 36795(15.0) | 20367(55.4) | 11153(30.3) | 4802(13.1) | 148(0.4) | 325(0.9) | 0.67(0.59, 0.76) | <0.0001 | 0.55(0.46, 0.65) | <0.0001 |
| Others | 5750(2.3) | 3084(53.6) | 1579(27.5) | 931(16.2) | 36(0.6) | 120(2.1) | 1.58(1.31, 1.90) | <0.0001 | 0.84(0.60, 1.18) | 0.3149 |
| Area level deprivation (quintiles) | ||||||||||
| 1 Least deprived | 32960(13.4) | 18594(56.4) | 9232(28.0) | 4650(14.1) | 164(0.5) | 320(1.0) | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2 | 38658(15.7) | 20440(52.9) | 11930(30.9) | 5696(14.7) | 185(0.5) | 407(1.1) | 1.06(0.92, 1.23) | 0.4020 | 0.96(0.78, 1.18) | 0.6764 |
| 3 | 44848(18.2) | 22552(50.3) | 14812(33.0) | 6694(14.9) | 258(0.6) | 532(1.2) | 1.14(1.00, 1.31) | 0.0580 | 1.09(0.90, 1.33) | 0.3895 |
| 4 | 55212(22.5) | 27455(49.7) | 17940(32.5) | 8366(15.2) | 519(0.9) | 932(1.7) | 1.50(1.32, 1.70) | <0.0001 | 1.68(1.41, 2.01) | <0.0001 |
| 5 Most deprived | 73767(30.0) | 36598(49.6) | 24292(32.9) | 10377(14.1) | 911(1.2) | 1589(2.2) | 1.55(1.36, 1.75) | <0.0001 | 1.87(1.57, 2.23) | <0.0001 |
| Missing | 399(0.2) | 182(45.6) | 94(23.6) | 100(25.1) | 2(0.5) | 21(5.3) | ||||
DRS: diabetes retinal screening
†had at least one event attended or booked
‡ Log binomial regression to test for an association with i) never attending retinal screening or ophthalmology and ii) attending retinal screening but not ophthalmology when referred, adjusting for all other variables in the table