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In a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model, reduced overall survival (OS) is associated with a preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) under 80, a postoperative neurologic deficit that persists at least 30 days postoperatively, and a subtotal resection (STR)/biopsy procedure rather than a gross total resection (GTR). Age, sex, and location (frontal lobe vs. nonfrontal) are not associated with OS in this model. *P < .05; **P < .01.
