Table 1.
Sample and outcomes distribution according to caregiver/family and child socio-economic and demographic characteristics and child health behaviours (n 309) (Pelotas/RS, Brazil, 2015)
| Variables | Sample distribution | Non-cavitated caries (white spot) | Cavitated caries (dmf-s index) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | % | 95 % CI | P-value crude * | % | 95 % CI | P-value crude * | |
| Caregiver/family | ||||||||
| Caregiver | ||||||||
| Mother | 244 | 79·0 | 20·5 | 15·9, 26·1 | 0·931 | 9·0 | 6·0, 13·3 | 0·666 |
| Others | 65 | 21·0 | 20·0 | 11·9, 31·6 | 10·8 | 5·2, 21·1 | ||
| Caregiver’s age (years) | ||||||||
| 16–29 | 162 | 52·4 | 20·4 | 14·8, 27·3 | 0·045 | 6·8 | 3·8, 11·9 | 0·194 |
| 30–44 | 130 | 42·1 | 17·7 | 12·0, 25·3 | 11·5 | 7·0, 18·3 | ||
| 45 or more | 17 | 5·5 | 41·2 | 20·5, 65·5 | 17·6 | 5·6, 43·8 | ||
| Caregiver marital status | ||||||||
| Married/living with a partner | 271 | 87·7 | 20·7 | 16·2, 25·9 | 0·751 | 9·2 | 6·3, 13·3 | 0·796 |
| Single/without a partner | 38 | 12·3 | 18·4 | 8·9, 34·0 | 10·5 | 3·9, 25·2 | ||
| Caregiver education (years)† | ||||||||
| 0–4 | 21 | 6·9 | 33·3 | 16·4, 56·0 | 0·026 | 14·3 | 4·5, 37·0 | 0·129 |
| 5–8 | 123 | 40·3 | 26·0 | 19·0, 34·5 | 13·0 | 8·1, 20·3 | ||
| 9 or more | 161 | 52·8 | 14·9 | 10·2, 21·3 | 6·2 | 3·4, 11·2 | ||
| Family income per capita (tertile)† | ||||||||
| 1 (average R$ 19 054) | 96 | 32·3 | 25·0 | 17·3, 34·7 | 0·458 | 11·5 | 6·4, 19·6 | 0·709 |
| 2 (average R$ 36 498) | 105 | 35·4 | 18·1 | 11·8, 26·7 | 8·6 | 4·5, 15·7 | ||
| 3 (average R$ 74 289) | 96 | 32·3 | 19·8 | 12·9, 29·1 | 8·3 | 4·2, 15·9 | ||
| Children | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 165 | 53·4 | 20·6 | 15·1, 27·5 | 0·919 | 11·5 | 7·4, 17·4 | 0·177 |
| Male | 144 | 46·6 | 20·1 | 14·3, 27·5 | 6·9 | 3·8, 12·5 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| ≤2 | 159 | 51·5 | 10·7 | 6·7, 16·6 | <0·001 | 3·1 | 1·3, 7·4 | 0·001 |
| >2 to 3 | 150 | 48·5 | 30·7 | 23·8, 38·6 | 16·0 | 10·9, 22·8 | ||
| Skin colour | ||||||||
| White | 252 | 81·6 | 20·6 | 16·1, 26·1 | 0·822 | 9·1 | 6·1, 13·4 | 0·743 |
| Black/brown | 57 | 18·4 | 19·3 | 10·9, 31·8 | 10·5 | 4·8, 21·7 | ||
| Breast-feeding | ||||||||
| Mean time in months (sd) | 14·6 | 14·0 | 17·1 | 13·5, 20·7 | 0·102 | 18·8 | 13·2, 24·5 | 0·086 |
| What age did you start to brush/clean your teeth?† | ||||||||
| At 12 months or before | 191 | 62·0 | 19·9 | 14·8, 26·2 | 0·103 | 9·9 | 6·4, 15·1 | 0·186 |
| After 12 months | 58 | 18·8 | 29·3 | 19·0, 42·4 | 13·8 | 7·0, 25·4 | ||
| Never brushed/cleaned | 59 | 19·2 | 13·6 | 6·9, 25·0 | 3·4 | 0·8, 12·8 | ||
| Dental service utilisation | ||||||||
| Routine or prevention | 58 | 18·8 | 17·2 | 9·5, 29·3 | 0·384 | 6·9 | 2·6, 17·2 | 0·004 |
| Pain or treatment | 31 | 10·0 | 29·0 | 15·6, 47·4 | 25·8 | 13·3, 44·2 | ||
| Never been to the dentist | 220 | 71·2 | 20·0 | 15·2, 25·8 | 7·7 | 4·8, 12·1 | ||
| Total daily ultra-processed food consumption | ||||||||
| Up to three times | 100 | 32·4 | 12·0 | 6·9, 20·0 | 0·017 | 4·0 | 1·5, 10·3 | 0·037 |
| Four times or more | 209 | 67·6 | 24·4 | 19·0, 30·7 | 12·0 | 8·2, 17·1 | ||
*
P-value refers to Wald’s test.
†
Variable with twelve (family income), five (caregiver education) and one (age started to brush/clean your teeth) missing data.