Table 2.

Crude and adjusted Poisson regression analysis between the daily ultra-processed food consumption and the presence of non-cavitated caries (white spots) and cavitated caries (dmf-s index) in children aged 0–3 years (n 309) (Pelotas/RS, Brazil, 2015)^*

	Non-cavitated caries (white spots)			Cavitated caries (dmf-s index)
	PR	95 % CI	P	PR	95 % CI	P
Crude model	2·02	1·35, 3·64	0·017	2·99	1·07, 8·37	0·037
Model 1 (first level)	1·79†	0·99, 3·25	0·053	3·06‡	1·10, 8·50	0·032
Model 2 (second level)	2·25§	1·19, 4·27	0·013	3·74‖	1·28, 10·89	0·016
Model 3 (third level/final)	2·25¶	1·19, 4·27	0·013	3·48**	1·18, 10·30	0·024

PR, prevalence ratio.

^*Daily ultra-processed food consumption (0 = up to three times and 1 = four times or more).

^†Adjusted for caregiver educational attainment.

^‡Adjusted for caregiver age.

^§Adjusted for caregiver educational attainment and duration of breast-feeding.

^‖Adjusted for caregiver age and duration of breast-feeding.

^¶Adjusted for caregiver educational attainment and duration of breast-feeding.

^**Adjusted for caregiver age, duration of breast-feeding and dental service utilisation.