Table 4.
Salmonella outbreaks attributed to contamination of PIF
| Year | Country | Symptomatic/deaths | Source of the contamination | Outbreak | Recall | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | USA | 12/0 | Manufacturing environment (spray driers) | Yes | ? | (104) |
| 1987 | UK | 46/1 | Manufacturing environment (hole in inner liner of spray drier) | Yes | Yes | (105) |
| 1993 | Spain | 3/0 | Manufacturing environment (production equipment) | Yes | Yes | (106) |
| 1996 | Spain | 45/0 | Source not identified but attributed to the supplier of ingredients for the PIF brand | Yes | Yes | (107) |
| 1998 | UK and France | 17/0 | Manufacturing environment implicated through isolation in one brand of PIF | Yes | Yes | (108) |
| 2002 | USA | 11/0 | PIF mixed by the hospital | Yes | Yes | (109) |
| 2003 | Australia | 7/0 | Manufacturing environment (spray driers) | Yes | Yes | (110) |
| 2004 | Korea | 28/0 | Attributed to infected staff mixing PIF at NICU | Yes | Yes | (111) |
| 2008 | France | 136/0 | Traced back to one production line and two brands | Yes | Yes | (112) |
| 2008 | Spain | 31/0 | Manufacturing environment implicated through isolation in one brand of PIF | Yes | Yes | (113) |
| 2017 | France/Europe | 39/0 | Traced back to one production line and several brands | Yes | Yes | (114) |
| 2018 | France/Europe | 32/0 | Manufacturing environment implicated through isolation in one brand of PIF | Yes | Yes | (115) |
| n/a | n/a | 407/1 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Total |
NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.