. 2020 Jul 3;24(7):1741–1752. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020001287

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics for baseline participant characteristics by analytic sample and walnut consumption group

				Walnut consumption group
	Total sample			None			Low			Moderate
Continuous measures	n	Mean	sd	n	Mean	sd	n	Mean	sd	n	Mean	sd	F	P
Age	3632	74·3	6·8	1161	74·9^a	7·2	1993	73·9^b	6·4	478	74·0^ab	6·8	7·2	0·001
Household income^*	3632	63·4	84·8	1161	52·0	57·4	1993	67·1^a	76·1	478	75·7	149·12	18·9	<0·001
Household assets	3632	540·9	97·9	1161	396·5	837·3	1993	575·2^a	989·1	478	752·0^a	1199·1	23·6	<0·001
Chronic conditions	3395	2·2	1·2	1090	2·3^a	1·2	1856	2·2^a	1·2	449	2·0	1·2	14·6	<0·001
Mobility limitations	3206	2·9	2·9	1001	3·5	3·1	1788	2·7	2·8	417	2·3	2·5	35·5	<0·001
Categorical measures	n	%		n	%		n	%		n	%		χ ²	P
Sex
Female	2150	57·08		664	54·79		1187	56·96		299	63·17^†		7·8	0·021
Male	1482	42·92		497	45·21		806	43·04		179	36·83
Race/ethnicity
White	2914	83·78		883	80·37^‡		1639	85·39^†		392	85·44		15·3	0·018
Black	396	7·72		166	10·40^†		190	6·65^‡		40	5·60
Hispanic	256	6·39		86	6·55		134	6·28		36	6·45
Other	65	2·05		25	2·48		30	1·68		10	2·51
Marital status
Married/partnered	2265	60·10		688	57·63		1288	61·88		289	58·81		4·0	0·135
Unmarried/widowed	1367	39·90		473	42·37		705	38·12		189	41·19
Retirement status
Retired	2607	69·27		840	70·62		1431	69·00		336	67·07		1·5	0·480
Not retired	1017	30·73		319	29·38		557	31·00		141	32·93
Education
<HS degree	649	17·35		271	22·53^†		323	15·97^‡		55	10·44^‡		36·3	<0·001
HS degree	1315	35·21		421	35·03		730	35·99		164	32·40
>HS degree	1668	47·44		469	42·44^‡		940	48·04		259	57·16^†
Occupational tenure
White-collar	2051	56·15		557	47·38^‡		1173	58·25^†		321	68·88^†		52·5	<0·001
Blue-collar	1124	31·56		430	38·16^†		584	30·12		110	21·38^‡
Homemaker	86	2·41		33	2·90		45	2·31		8	1·68
Other	372	9·91		141	11·57		192	9·38		39	8·06
BMI
Underweight	51	1·68		23	2·46^†		22	1·27		6	1·46		18·1	0·006
Normal	1051	30·41		332	29·90		537	28·71^‡		182	38·76^†
Overweight	1382	37·76		436	37·82		776	38·34		170	35·21
Obese	1114	30·15		358	29·81		642	31·68		114	24·57^‡
Vigorous activity
None	2052	57·40		755	66·35^†		1104	55·85		193	41·94^‡		83·0	<0·001
Some	672	18·52		185	16·17^‡		389	19·80		98	18·99
Regular	897	24·08		216	17·48^‡		497	24·35		184	39·07^†
Smoking status
Current smoker	276	9·53		119	12·90^†		141	9·03		16	3·33^‡		24·2	<0·001
Non-smoker	3332	90·47		1037	87·10		1837	90·97		458	96·67
Alcohol consumption
None	2344	63·87		815	69·78^†		1274	62·79		255	53·80^‡		30·9	<0·001
Moderate	1104	31·14		286	25·11^‡		625	32·68		193	39·53^†
Heavy	169	5·00		55	5·11		87	4·53		27	6·67

Mean and sd reported for non-log-transformed household income and assets, statistical tests based on log-transformed household income and assets. Mean and sd for household income and assets reported in $1000s.

^†

Observed cell frequency significantly greater than expected.

^‡

Observed cell frequency significantly less than expected.

^a–bMean values within row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different. α level for statistical significance identified with Bonferroni correction.

All estimates and statistical tests excluding sd account for complex survey design.