Table 2.
Baseline characteristics among ATTICA study participants (n 2020) in relation to the 10-year fatal or non-fatal incidence of CVD*
| CVD-free events (n 1703) | CVD events (n 317) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||||
| Age (years) | <0·0001a | ||||||
| Mean | 42·8 | 57·8 | |||||
| sd | 12·8 | 13·2 | |||||
| Gender (men) | 808 | 47·4 | 198 | 62·5 | <0·0001b | ||
| Educational status | <0·0001c | ||||||
| Low | 1003 | 59·9 | 234 | 76·2 | |||
| Moderate | 645 | 38·5 | 69 | 22·5 | |||
| High | 26 | 1·6 | 4 | 1·3 | |||
| Average daily energetic intake (kJ) | 0·451d | ||||||
| Mean | 9912 | 10 238 | |||||
| sd | 3866 | 4724 | |||||
| MedDietScore (0–55) | <0·0001d | ||||||
| Mean | 26·4 | 22·8 | |||||
| sd | 6·3 | 6·5 | |||||
| DASH score (0–45) | 0·197d | ||||||
| Mean | 27·1 | 27·5 | |||||
| sd | 5·1 | 5·2 | |||||
| Physically active | 696 | 40·9 | 129 | 40·7 | 0·954b | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0·0001a | ||||||
| Mean | 26·0 | 27·9 | |||||
| sd | 4·4 | 4·5 | |||||
| Weight category | <0·0001c | ||||||
| Normal/underweight | 762 | 44·8 | 80 | 25·2 | |||
| Overweight | 660 | 38·8 | 151 | 47·6 | |||
| Obese | 278 | 16·4 | 86 | 27·1 | |||
| Abnormal waist-to-hip ratio | 611 | 37·6 | 166 | 56·8 | <0·0001b | ||
| Current smokers | 740 | 43·6 | 117 | 37·1 | 0·035b | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | <0·0001d | ||||||
| Mean | 121·3 | 132·6 | |||||
| sd | 17·6 | 19·6 | |||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | <0·0001d | ||||||
| Mean | 78·4 | 82·3 | |||||
| sd | 11·4 | 11·8 | |||||
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) | <0·0001d | ||||||
| Mean | 91·4 | 103·5 | |||||
| sd | 21·7 | 33·0 | |||||
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 679 | 39·9 | 181 | 57·1 | <0·0001b | ||
| Hypertension | 448 | 28·0 | 150 | 50·7 | <0·0001b | ||
| Diabetes | 77 | 4·5 | 68 | 21·5 | <0·0001b | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | 283 | 16·6 | 116 | 36·6 | <0·0001b | ||
DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
*
Continuous variables are presented as mean (M) ± sd and categorical variables as absolute and relative frequencies (n and %).
P-values referring to differences between CVD events and CVD-free events during the 10-year follow-up, derived using the following: aStudent’s t test for normally distributed continuous variables, b χ 2 test for categorical variables, cLikelihood-Ratio test for ordinal categorical variables and dMann–Whitney test for non-normally distributed continuous variables.