Table 3.
Changes in children’s daily sugar-sweetened beverage and water intakes (n 2501) in relation to implemented intervention activities by social ecological model levels during the Children’s Healthy Living trial, US-Affiliated Pacific region, 2013–2015 *
| Intervention activities | Change in SSB intake (ml/d) per single SSB activity | Change in water intake (ml/d) per single water activity | Change in replacement of SSB intake by water intake (ml/d)† per single SSB activity | Change in replacement of SSB intake by water intake (ml/d)† per single water activity | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 95 % CI | P | Estimate | 95 % CI | P | Estimate | 95 % CI | P | Estimate | 95 % CI | P | |
| SEM level | ||||||||||||
| Child | −1·34 | −9·05, 6·37 | 0·67 | 3·57 | −7·44, 14·58 | 0·44 | −3·72 | −10·06, 2·63 | 0·19 | −4·75 | −12·78, 3·28 | 0·19 |
| Caregiver | 0·26 | −1·14, 1·66 | 0·65 | 0·56 | −1·09, 2·21 | 0·42 | −0·31 | −1·80, 1·18 | 0·61 | −0·23 | −1·75, 1·30 | 0·72 |
| Organisation | 0·08 | −2·06, 2·22 | 0·93 | 4·20 | −0·61, 9·01 | 0·07 | −4·02 | −8·08, 0·04 | 0·05 | −3·72 | −7·34, –0·11 | 0·05 |
| Community | −0·24 | −0·77, 0·30 | 0·31 | 0·62 | 0·09, 1·15 | 0·03 | −0·72 | −1·55, 0·10 | 0·07 | −0·88 | −1·72, –0·03 | 0·04 |
| Policy | −2·47 | −7·60, 2·67 | 0·27 | 1·48 | −1·60, 4·56 | 0·27 | −3·80 | −7·93, 0·33 | 0·06 | −3·80 | −8·11, 0·51 | 0·07 |
| Overall | −0·09 | −0·33, 0·15 | 0·38 | 0·33 | −0·07, 0·72 | 0·09 | −0·37 | −0·75, 0·02 | 0·06 | −0·41 | −0·83, 0·01 | 0·05 |
SEM, social ecological model; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.
*
Estimated from multilevel linear regression of community beverage intakes on activities, accounting for complex design with jurisdictions as strata and clustering within community and including adjustment for child age and sex. Separate models were fit for activities at each SEM level and for overall activities at all levels.
†
Operationalised as SSB intake minus water intake.