Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population*
| Characteristics | Urban | Agriculture | Stock-raising | P | P1 | P2 | P3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||||||
| 885 | 45·9 | 861 | 44·7 | 180 | 9·4 | ||||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||||
| Mean | 51·7 | 50·7 | 50·6 | 0·316 | 0·159 | 0·933 | 0·363 | ||||||
| sd | 14·1 | 14·4 | 14·2 | ||||||||||
| ≤44 | 285 | 32·2 | 276 | 32·1 | 61 | 33·9 | 0·884 | 0·635 | 0·827 | 0·897 | |||
| 45–59 | 323 | 36·5 | 331 | 38·4 | 65 | 36·1 | |||||||
| ≥60 | 277 | 31·3 | 254 | 29·5 | 54 | 30·3 | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Men | 382 | 43·2 | 388 | 45·1 | 72 | 40·0 | 0·420 | 0·424 | 0·213 | 0·434 | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| Han | 469 | 63·0 | 455 | 56·2 | 26 | 15·1 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Kazakh | 171 | 23·0 | 262 | 32·3 | 136 | 79·1 | |||||||
| Mongolian | 30 | 4·0 | 32 | 4·0 | 8 | 4·7 | |||||||
| Others | 75 | 10·1 | 61 | 7·5 | 2 | 1·2 | |||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||
| Primary and lower | 560 | 86·7 | 399 | 52·2 | 50 | 29·1 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Junior | 76 | 11·8 | 310 | 40·5 | 118 | 68·6 | |||||||
| Senior and higher | 10 | 1·5 | 56 | 7·3 | 4 | 2·3 | |||||||
| Cigarette consumption | 180 | 28·3 | 169 | 23·2 | 34 | 21·1 | 0·046 | 0·032 | 0·572 | 0·068 | |||
| Cigarette consumption in men | 173 | 60·7 | 160 | 48·5 | 34 | 54·0 | 0·010 | 0·002 | 0·425 | 0·325 | |||
| Alcohol intake | 175 | 27·5 | 157 | 21·5 | 36 | 22·4 | 0·033 | 0·011 | 0·818 | 0·189 | |||
| Alcohol intake in men | 174 | 61·1 | 151 | 45·8 | 35 | 55·6 | 0·001 | <0·001 | 0·153 | 0·420 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||||
| Mean | 25·7 | 25·2 | 25·5 | 0·011 | 0·003 | 0·232 | 0·571 | ||||||
| sd | 3·6 | 3·5 | 4·2 | ||||||||||
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 462 | 54·9 | 414 | 49·1 | 90 | 51·1 | 0·049 | 0·015 | 0·615 | 0·349 | |||
| Abdominal obesity | 499 | 59·7 | 452 | 53·6 | 98 | 54·7 | 0·035 | 0·011 | 0·783 | 0·216 | |||
| Women’s WC ≥85 cm | 268 | 56·4 | 246 | 53·6 | 60 | 56·1 | 0·652 | 0·366 | 0·643 | 0·930 | |||
| Men’s WC ≥ 90 cm | 231 | 64·0 | 206 | 53·6 | 38 | 52·8 | 0·011 | 0·004 | 0·892 | 0·073 | |||
| Prevalence of hypertension | 219 | 24·8 | 159 | 18·5 | 69 | 38·3 | <0·001 | 0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||||
| Mean | 128·7 | 125·0 | 129·5 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·002 | 0·572 | ||||||
| sd | 17·8 | 17·5 | 17·4 | ||||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||||||||
| Mean | 79·1 | 78·0 | 81·4 | <0·001 | 0·038 | <0·001 | 0·010 | ||||||
| sd | 11·2 | 10·7 | 9·8 | ||||||||||
WC, waist circumference.
*
We conducted among-group and between-group comparisons using ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis (least significant difference test) and χ2 test and provided specific P-values as P for among-group comparison and as P1 (urban v. agriculture), P2 (agriculture v. stock-raising) and P3 (stock-raising v. urban) for between-group comparisons.