Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants according to median of Δ in plant protein (%E) consumption
| Variable | Decreased Plant Protein Intake (< P50 [− 3.21,0.13]) |
Increased Plant Protein Intake (> P50 (0.13,4.11]) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 89 | 88 | |
| Age (years) | 59.6(1.0) | 59.9(1.0) | 0.866 |
| Men/women (n) | 70/19 | 79/9 | 0.034 |
| Weight (Kg) | 85.0 | 85.5 | 0.836 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105(1.1) | 106(1.1) | 0.621 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3(0.5) | 31.1(0.4) | 0.740 |
| WHTR | 0.64(0.007) | 0.65(0.008) | 0.248 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 158(10.0) | 137(6.7) | 0.085 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 166(3.3) | 162(3.5) | 0.455 |
| c-LDL (mg/dL) | 91.9(2.8) | 91.5(2.9) | 0.915 |
| c-HDL (mg/dL) | 41.0(0.9) | 41.1(1.1) | 0.917 |
| Apo A1 (mg/dL) | 127(1.8) | 126(2.4) | 0.517 |
| Apo B (mg/dL) | 78.6(2.4) | 74.3(1.8) | 0.153 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 3.05(0.26) | 2.96(0.20) | 0.787 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 110(2.4) | 111(2.8) | 0.737 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.57(0.06) | 6.80(0.10) | 0.058 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 11.7(1.3) | 11.9(0.9) | 0.898 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.51(0.47) | 4.01(0.24) | 0.341 |
| ALT (U/L) | 27.0(1.4) | 29.7(1.4) | 0.173 |
| Treatment with statins, % | 84.3 | 92.0 | 0.085 |
| Hypertension, % | 57.3 | 67.0 | 0.119 |
| Current smoking, % | 9.0 | 14.8 | 0.255 |
| Prior smoking, % | 60.7 | 58.0 | 0.761 |
| Diet (LowFat/Med diet) | 53/36 | 46/42 | 0.205 |
Values expressed as mean (SEM). BMI body mass index, WHTR Waist to height ratio, TG triglycerides, c-HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, c-LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A1 Apolipoprotein A1 Apo B apolipoprotein B, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HbA1c glycosylated haemoglobin, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, ALT Alanine Aminotransferase, Med diet mediterranean diet. Continuous variables were analysed using t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for unpaired data when data did not fit the normal distribution. Categorical variables were analysed using χ2 test