Table 3.

Delta Changes after 1 year of intervention values in energy, nutrient, and food intake

Variable	Decreased Plant Protein Intake (< P50 [− 3.21,0.13]) n = 89	Increased Plant Protein Intake (> P50 (0.13,4.11]) n = 88	Between-group differences post-intervention (p value)
Energy, kcal/d	− 508(62)*	− 443(54)*	0.433
Fat (%E)	0.94(0.72)	− 4.54(0.85)*	< 0.001
SFA (%E)	− 0.32(0.21)	− 2.06(0.23)*	< 0.001
SFA (% total fat)	− 1.47(0.43)*	− 2.78(0.44)*	0.034
MUFA (%E)	0.32(0.50)	− 2.18(0.55)*	0.001
MUFA (% total fat)	− 0.54(0.83)	0.13(0.72)	0.543
PUFA (%E)	1.20(0.37)*	0.18(0.26)	0.025
PUFA (% total fat)	2.94(0.88)*	2.80(0.63)*	0.893
Protein (%E)	0.22(0.37)	0.14(0.38)	0.880
Vegetal protein (%E)	− 0.82(0.08)*	1.34(0.10)*	< 0.001
Animal protein (%E)	1.03(0.39)*	− 0.94(0.40)*	< 0.001
Carbohydrates (%E)	− 2.18(0.74)*	4.26(0.88)*	< 0.001
Cholesterol (mg/d)	− 75.5(11.9)*	− 109.7(10.1)*	0.030
Fibre, g/1000 kcal	0.59(0.39)	3.45(0.41)*	< 0.001
Fruit, g/1000 kcal	56.6(13.8)*	36.2(11.7)*	0.265
Vegetables, g/1000 kcal	9.51(6.19)	30.64(8.11)*	0.040
Legumes, g/1000 kcal	− 0.10(0.75)	3.26(1.17)*	0.017
Tree nuts, g/1000 kcal	− 1.32(0.52)*	1.01(0.72)*	0.010
Cereals and derivatives, g/1000 kcal	− 26.1(3.06)*	18.75(3.76)*	< 0.001
Whole grains, g/1000 kcal	2.90(4.40)	22.98(4.93)*	0.003

Values are expressed as mean (SEM). SFA saturated fatty acids, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids. Between-group differences were assessed using t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for unpaired data when data did not fit normal distribution, and within-group differences were assessed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test when data did not fit normal distribution. Within-group differences from baseline: *p < 0.05