Table 4.

Agents in phase 2 clinical trials for dementia with Lewy bodies

Agent	CADRO	Mechanism of action	Therapeutic purpose	Status	Registry source	Registry number	Start date	End datea
CT1812	Synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection	σ-2 receptor modulator	DMT	Recruiting	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT05225415	June 2022	April 2024
Fosgonimeton (ATH-1017)	Growth factors and hormones	Activates signaling via the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)	DMT	Recruiting	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT04831281	January 2022	November 2023
Ondansetron	Neurotransmitter receptors	Selective antagonist of serotonin 5-HT3 receptors	Symptomatic	Recruiting	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT04167813	October 2021	January 2025
CST-103, CST-107	Neurotransmitter receptors	CST-103: β-2 adrenoceptor agonist CST-107: β blocker with minimal brain penetration	Symptomatic	Active, not recruiting	CT.gov, ICTPR, EudraCT	NCT04739423 2020–006,067-28	June 2021	August 2022
Ambroxol	Proteostasis/proteinopathies	Increases lysosomal fraction and the enzymatic activity of glucocerebrosidase	DMT	Recruiting	CT.gov and EUdraCT	NCT04588285 2019–002,855-41	May 2021	December 2023
Irsenontrine	Synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection	Active and selective phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT04764669	February 2021	January 2022
Zonisamide	Neurotransmitter receptors	Sulfonamide, antiseizure. Inhibitor of sodium and T-type calcium channels. Potentiates dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission	Symptomatic	Not recruiting	ICTPR	jRCTs041190126	February 2021	Missing data
Zonisamide	Neurotransmitter receptors	Sulfonamide, antiseizure. Inhibitor of sodium and T-type calcium channels. Potentiates dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission	Symptomatic	Not recruiting	ICTPR	jRCTs051200054	September 2020	Missing data
NYX-458	Neurotransmitter receptors	NMDAR receptor modulator that enhances synaptic plasticity	Symptomatic	Recruiting	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT04148391	November 2019	December 2022
Neflamapimod	Synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection	ATP competitive inhibitor of p38α kinase	DMT	Completed	CT.gov and EUdraCT	NCT04001517 2019–001,566-15	September 2019	June 2020
Nilotinib	Proteostasis/proteinopathies	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	DMT	Recruiting	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT04002674	July 2019	April 2023
HTL0018318	Neurotransmitter receptors	Selective muscarinic M1 receptor partial agonist	Symptomatic	Withdrawn	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT03592862 JapicCTI-183989	July 2019	September 2019
Bosutinib	Proteostasis/proteinopathies	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	DMT	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT03888222	April 2019	April 2021
Irsenontrine	Synaptic plasticity/neuroprotection	Active and selective phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitor	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov, ICTPR, EudraCT	NCT03467152 JapicCTI-183932 2017–003,728-64	May 2018	April 2020
LY3154207 (Mevidalen)	Neurotransmitter receptors	Positive allosteric modulator of the dopamine receptor D1	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT03305809	November 2017	July 2020
Intepirdine	Neurotransmitter receptors	Selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT02910102	October 2016	November 2017
Vodobatinib (K0706)	Proteostasis/proteinopathies	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	DMT	Recruiting	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT03996460	September 2016	October 2023
Galantamine	Neurotransmitter receptors	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	Symptomatic	Pending	ICTPR	UMIN000022860	September 2016	Missing data
Nelotanserin	Neurotransmitter receptors	Selective antagonist of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT02708186	March 2016	May 2018
Intepirdine	Neurotransmitter receptors	Selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov, ICTPR, EudraCT	NCT02669433 2015–005,495-19	January 2016	December 2017
Nelotanserin	Neurotransmitter receptors	Selective antagonist of the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT02640729	December 2015	November 2017
Zonisamide	Neurotransmitter receptors	Sulfonamide, antiseizure. Inhibitor of sodium and T-type calcium channels. Potentiates dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission	Symptomatic	Completed	ICTPR	JapicCTI-122040	March 2013	April 2014
Zonisamide	Neurotransmitter receptors	Sulfonamide, antiseizure. Inhibitor of sodium and T-type calcium channels. Potentiates dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission	Symptomatic	Completed	ICTPR	UMIN000010631	September 2012	May 2013
Ferulic acid	Oxidative stress	Suppresses free radicals, chronic inflammation and aggregation of amyloid-β protein in the brain	Symptomatic	Completed	ICTPR	UMIN000003683	June 2010	May 2013
Armodafinil	Unknown target	Unknown/Eugeroics: stimulants that provide long-lasting mental arousal	Symptomatic	Withdrawn	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT01256905	January 2011	August 2011
Youkukansan	Multi-target	Prevents neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-associated oxidative stress. Improves glutamate uptake and inhibits glutamate-induced neuronal death. Partial agonistic effect on serotonin 5-HT1A receptors	Symptomatic	Missing data	ICTPR	UMIN000001832	April 2009	Missing data
Ramelteon	Neurotransmitter receptors	Agonist of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors	Symptomatic	Withdrawn	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT00907595	May 2009	July 2010
Ramelteon	Neurotransmitter receptors	Agonist of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors	Symptomatic	Terminated	CT.gov	NCT00745030	June 2008	December 2009
Donepezil	Neurotransmitter receptors	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT00543855	November 2007	February 2010
Memantine	Neurotransmitter receptors	Antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors	Symptomatic	Completed	EudraCT and ICTPR	2005–004,109-27 ISRCTN89624516	March 2006	September 2008
Memantine	Neurotransmitter receptors	Antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors	Symptomatic	Completed	CT.gov and ICTPR	NCT00630500	February 2006	March 2009

^aEnd date: actual end date or study completion date

DMT disease-modifying treatment