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. 2023 May 5;14:1182454. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182454

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Copyright © 2023 Vultaggio-Poma, Sanz, Amico, Violi, Ghisellini, Pizzicotti, Passaro, Papi, Libanore, Di Virgilio and Giuliani

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Blood IL-1β levels vary in different clinical conditions in COVID-19 patients: (A) patients with fever and respiratory symptoms at debut (n=42); (B) patients who required hospitalization in Pneumology division (n=38); (C) patients who required mechanical ventilation (n=26); (D) patients who required hospitalization in Intensive care unit (ICU) (n=13); (E) patients who died during hospitalization (n=9). Data are means ± SE (standard error). Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test. A two-sided p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. IL-1β: interleukin 1β.