Table 1.

Summary of the major applications of CFPS in synthetic biology.

Applications	Specifications	References
Construction of minimal cellular mimicry systems	Compartmentalization	Liposomes [111], polymersomes [113], proteinosomes [120], [121], dentrimersomes [122], [123], [124], encapsulins [125], [126] and niosomes [127], [128] were developed for compartmentalization
	Energy regeneration	ATP regeneration via a light-driven proton pump and an ATP synthase [138], [139]
	Metabolism	Semi-synthetic chloroplast [140]
	Self-replication	Replication via phi29 polymerase and PURE system [141,142]
	Growth and Division	De novo synthesis phospholipids [144]; reconstitution of proto-ring within a GUV [155]
	Communication, motility and evolution	See references [156], [157], [158]
Products-oriented applications	Metabolic engineering	Achieve 1.5 g/L production of n-butanol [165], 17.6 g/L of mevalonate [164]
	Manufacturing biomolecules	Antibody-drug conjugates, therapeutic proteins, antimicrobials, virus-like particles, vaccine antigens, small molecules [168], [169]
	In vitro diagnostics	Develop a portable device for the detection of anhydrotetracycline, Ebola virus RNA, and various small molecules [183], [184]