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. 2023 May 19;6:89. doi: 10.1038/s41746-023-00830-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — This figure presents the frequency distributions of OMOP (Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership) drug exposure ingredient concepts used at least once in clinical practice (log 10 scale) in the Children’s Hospital Colorado pediatric OMOP database by mapping category and OBO (Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology) Foundry ontology. In each boxplot, the box extends from the first to third quartile of the data with a center line used to indicate the median. Whiskers extend from each box by 1.5x the interquartile range and outliers that extend past the whiskers shown as dots. The x-axis labels are numbers which correspond to the OMOP2OBO mapping categories: (1) Automatic One-to-One Concept; (2) Automatic One-to-One Ancestor (3) Automatic One-to-Many Concept; (4) Automatic One-to-Many Ancestor; (5) Cosine Similarity One-to-One Concept; (6) Manual One-to-One Concept; (7) Manual One-to-Many Concept; and (8) Unmapped. ChEBI Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, NCBITaxon National Center for Biotechnology Information Taxon Ontology, PRO Protein Ontology, VO Vaccine Ontology.