Table 3.

The applications and safety of main JAK inhibitors

JAK inhibitors	Selectivity	Approved indications	Indications under the clinical trials	Reported adverse events	Ref.
Tofacitinib	JAK1 and JAK3	rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis	psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, COVID-19, alopecia areata, dermatomyositis, atopic dermatitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, relapsing polychondritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and transplant rejection	infections, malignancies, anemia, neutropenia, elevated in serum creatinine and transaminases, hypercholesterolemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and thromboembolism	202,203,205,445–448,451–459,465–467
Peficitinib	JAK3, JAK1, TYK2 and, JAK2	rheumatoid arthritis	ulcerative colitis and psoriasis	infections, malignancies, elevated creatine kinase, elevated creatinine, and hyperlipidemia	185–188,192–194
Ruxolitinib	JAK1 and JAK2	myelofibrosis and polycythaemia vera	psoriasis, polycythemia, vitiligo, malignancies, acute graft-versus-host disease, rheumatoid arthritis, essential thrombocythemia, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, COVID-19	anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hypokalemia, infections, and peripheral edema	206,411–417,419–425,437–442
Baricitinib	JAK1 and JAK2	rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, and COVID-19	lupus erythematosus, juvenile dermatomyositis, psoriasis, diabetic nephropathy, alopecia areata, and autoinflammatory diseases	infections, malignancies, and hyperlipidemia	475,477–490
Delgocitinib	JAK1, JAK2, TYK2, and JAK3	atopic dermatitis	eczema, discoid lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and alopecia areata	nasopharyngitis, Kaposi’s varicella, contact dermatitis, and acne	498–503
Momelotinib	JAK1 and JAK2	/	myelofibrosis and multiple myeloma	diarrhea, cough, nausea, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and treatment-emergent peripheral neuropathy	206–209,220–222
Filgotinib	JAK1	rheumatoid arthritis	inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis	infections, nasopharyngitis, and headache	177–179,196–198
Upadacitinib	JAK1	rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, and psoriatic arthritis	inflammatory bowel disease, and atopic dermatitis	infections, malignancies, elevated lipid parameters, increased creatine phosphokinase, increased hepatic aminotransferase, low blood cell counts, stroke, and venous thromboembolisms	260–272,275–278
Fedratinib	JAK2	myelofibrosis	thrombocytopenia and solid tumors	fatal encephalopathies, anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, increased liver transaminases, increased serum creatinine, and increased pancreatic enzymes	417,507–511
Abrocitinib	JAK1	atopic dermatitis	psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and arthritis	nasopharyngitis, nausea, vomiting, acne, herpes zoster, increased blood creatine phosphokinase, dizziness, and headache	283–287,289,528–531
Decernotinib	JAK3	/	rheumatoid arthritis	headache, nausea, infections, elevated transaminases, lipoproteins, and creatinine, reduced lymphocyte and neutrophil	513,515–517
Itacitinib	JAK1	/	graft-versus-host disease and lung cancer	reduced platelet and neutrophil, anemia, and hyperglycemia	518,519
Deunavacitinib	TYK2	plaque psoriasis	psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel diseases	nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections	534–537