Table 2.
Toxicity associated with photon and proton therapy for Craniopharyngioma.
| Identifier | Modality | Patients | Median follow up (y) | Timeframe | 3y OS | 5y LC | Endocrine deficiency | Secondary tumor | Vasculopathy | Loss of visual acuity | Obesity | DI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merchant, 2002 (2) | GTR or STR | 15 | 6 | 1984-2001 | 40% | 100% | 47% | 73% | ||||
| STR/Bx + Photons | 15 | 6 | 100% | 93% | 33% | 33% | ||||||
| Fouda, 2020 (39) | STR + Photons | 178 | 10 | 1960-2017 | 4% | 11% | ||||||
| Ravindra, 2021 (40) | GTR | 31 | 5.83 | 1997-2018 | 100% | 73% | 96% | 2.5%* | 20% | 70% | 90% | |
| STR/CD + Photons | 14 | 100% | 54% | 75% | 0% | 71% | 61% | |||||
| STR + Protons | 11 | 100% | 100% | 100% | 2.5% | 9% | 42% | 71% | 85% | |||
| CD + Protons | 7 | 100% | 77% | 50% | 14% | 10% | 63% | 50% | ||||
| Winkfield, 2011 (41) | STR+Photons | 43 | 8.6 | 1976-2003 | 88% | 67% | 7% | 9% | 53% | 56% | 43% | |
| Lo, 2016 (42) | MSR + Photons | 19 | 19 | 1971-2010 | 100% | 32% | 70% | |||||
| Bishop, 2014 (43) | CD/STR + Protons | 21 | 5 | 2007-2012 | 94% | 76% | 10% | 5% | 19% | |||
| CD/STR + Photons | 31 | 1996-2007 | 97% | 77% | 10% | 13% | 29% | |||||
| Jimenez, 2021 (44) | STR + Protons | 77 | 4.8 | 2002-2018 | 90% | 94% | 6% | 36% | ||||
| Indelicato, 2017 (45) | STR + Protons | 45 | 2.6 | 2008-2016 | 100% | 4% | ||||||
| Hall, 2018 (46) | STR + Protons | 135 | 3 | 2006-2015 | 19% |
GTR, gross total resection; STR, subtotal resection; CD, cyst decompression; MSR, maximal safe resection. *One patient in the GTR group developed a secondary malignancy five years after receiving salvage proton therapy for recurrent disease.