Table 3.
Direct and indirect effects between gratitude and depression through emotional support and sleep disturbance.
| Path | Estimate | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||
| Total effect (c) | −0.3143* | −0.5170 | −0.1117 |
| Direct effect (c′) | −0.0670 | −0.2318 | 0.0978 |
| a 1 (Gratitude → Emotional Support) | 0.3873* | 0.1130 | 0.6617 |
| a 2 (Gratitude → Sleep Disturbance) | −0.2941 | −0.5915 | 0.0032 |
| b 1 (Emotional Support → Sleep Disturbance) | −0.2501 | −0.5216 | 0.0213 |
| b 2 (Emotional Support → Depression) | −0.3700* | −0.5198 | −0.2202 |
| d 1 (Sleep disturbance → Depression) | 0.2659* | 0.1212 | 0.4106 |
| Indirect effects | |||
| a 1 b 2 | −0.1433 | −0.3246 | 0.0059 |
| a 2 d 1 | −0.0782 | −0.2094 | −0.0055 |
| a 1 b 1 d 1 | −0.0258 | −0.0825 | 0.0123 |
| Total indirect effect | −0.2473 | −0.4671 | −0.0649 |
*
p < 0.05 is statistically significant.