Table 4.
Direct and indirect effects between gratitude and depression through social support and TNF-α.
| Path | Estimate | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||
| Total effect (c) | −0.3072* | −0.5225 | −0.0920 |
| Direct effect (c′) | −0.1428 | −0.3329 | 0.0473 |
| a1 (Gratitude → Emotional Support) | 0.3643* | 0.0760 | 0.6526 |
| a 2 (Gratitude → TNF-α) | 0.0372 | −0.0518 | 0.1262 |
| b 1 (Emotional Support → TNF-α) | 0.0295 | −0.0523 | 0.1112 |
| b 2 (Emotional Support → Depression) | −0.4324* | −0.6068 | −0.2580 |
| d 1 (TNF-α → Depression) | −0.1446 | −0.7473 | 0.4580 |
| Indirect effects | |||
| a 1 b 2 | −0.1575 | −0.3596 | 0.0316 |
| a 2 d 1 | −0.0054 | −0.0420 | 0.0268 |
| a 1 b 1 d 1 | −0.0016 | −0.0175 | 0.0077 |
| Total indirect effect | −0.1645 | −0.3679 | 0.0329 |
*
p < 0.05 is statistically significant.